Vital Pieces of Social Issues to Write an Essay on

Vital Pieces of Social Issues to Write an Essay on Failing to plan an exit strategy is merely a single approach to sabotage your company. Grants are an essential part of running a nonprofit, but they aren't a legitimate argument for picking nonprofit status on a for-profit company. It's inportant to observe that you're able to affect and change any sort of media too, and societal networks aren't an exception. Social networking is just a way to network and utilize word of mouth, online. As an issue of fact, social media plays a massive part in the general advertisement and set up of the company. They is really picking up speed, more and more are realizing the benefits of connecting and interacting with customers and potential customers. What Is So Fascinating About Social Issues to Write an Essay on? Unless, on the flip side, the introduction is an organic portion of the post, it fails of its objective. There are social problems that haunt the education system. Generally, social science research, a scientific research, applies similar research methodologies the very same as other varieties of research like marketing research that is inherent with both quantitative strategy and qualitative strategy, clinical research that's emphasized on specific areas li ke pharmaceutical, chemical, health care research, and so forth. After all, social media has come to be an entirely incorporated system comprising a two-way stream of implementation and feedback. Basically, you've got to look for keywords. Write short and precise is our principal motto when writing the majority of the content. Consistency is crucial to generate much better results. For instance, if you're writing an essay on How Global Warming can be decreased, it'll be an excellent idea you take a minute to define what global warming is about in your introductory paragraph. The introduction or the introductory paragraph is quite a relevant facet of your essay due to the simple fact it states the principal idea of your composition. Addressing someone incorrectly will set a negative shadow over the rest of your letter. First things first, You will want to choose what type of information to have in your disclaimer. All the words will make sense in the sentences, or so the class will have to determine which answer they feel is the very best. Readers' likelihood to read the entire letter is dependent on the very first few lines. Whether it concerns the beginning of a Business letter or an informal letter, there are a couple things which you should know. Choosing Good Social Issues to Write an Essay on The cost of an essay is dependent upon the quantity of effort the writer has to exert. You've probably heard that writing articles is a significant way to promote your company. Research before you compose the essay. Before you're prepared to go public with your essay you may want to demonstrate your work to a couple of your buddies. Social Issues to Write an Essay on - the Story You check out their business Fanpage, and get started reading their tips and data about chiropractics and their small business. Customer service Customers have begun employing the social networking platform for a point of interaction with a business enterprise. If you would like to enhance your organization, you must begin with your managers. In case the business is unavailable, customers can't express their valuable experiences which impede the development of the goods. Social Issues to Write an Essay on As a consequence, once a person is labeled as deviant they could possibly be rejected by social groups like family and friends, ultimately resulting in further deviant acts. Spending just thirty minutes per day on at least one of the next steps will move you toward your target. The person is likely to forget some points. Your response should handle every one of your youngster's areas of interest and strength. Moreover, child labour isn't the demand of the society also. Generally, a society usually means a huge group of folks dwelling in a place or within a country below the control of same laws, values and culture. As per a survey by International Labour Organization, if every child throughout the world becomes proper education, it will raise the world's total income, and therefore, help to enhance the economy of each nation and make it an excellent place to reside. Many children all around the world start earning at the age which is in fact intended to play, study and learn. The writing of a disclaimer can be a tough job for somebody who has never written one before, therefore I will supply you with a succinct guide which you could use and follow. A legal statement is something which you might need to speak to a lawyer about. As its name suggests, the conclusion is where you're going to conclude. Failure to spot the appropriate emotions between people interacting in all elements of life can result in misunderstandings and conflict. In the background, there's a sample of Beethoven's Fur Elise, which sounds like it's being played by means of a novice pianist. The important thing is to make sure that when your kid is practicing, he's practicing writing letters CORRECTLY.

American Immigration Policy And Immigrants - 2232 Words

American Immigration Policy and Immigrants since 1882 Years after years, flows of people immigrating to the United States have been raising up steadily, with the aim of pursuing the American dream, the dream of seeking prosperity and success in an equal society. Before 1882, the U.S had no immigration policy, in which the new comers could settle permanent inhabitants within America. After that period of time, the formidable numbers of arrivals had turned the attitudes of native government toward the effect of foreign dwellers on American life in which restriction policy on immigration has been unleashed. From 1882 to 1924, the immigration doors were slowly closed, beginning with the Chinese Exclusion Act on May 6, 1882 that prohibiting all immigration of Chinese laborers. Then, the fuel from the Nativism of Immigration Restriction League as well as the consequences of the WWI and effects from the First Red Scare have helped ratifying the 1921 Immigration Act that limited annual numbe r of immigrants from certain countries. Not only European and Asian immigrants were affected but Latin Americans were also influenced by the immigration policy as well as the Great Depression within the United States, and Mexican immigrants during 1930s were a great example. However, the doors were quite opened again with the end of quota system in 1965 that based on families reunification and skilled labors attraction. Following the terrorist event of 9/11, the immigration doors haveShow MoreRelatedGuarding The Golden Door : American Immigration Policy And Immigrants948 Words   |  4 PagesGuarding the Golden Door: American Immigration Policy and Immigrants Since 1882 -By Roger Daniels Guarding the Golden Door by Roger Daniels provides an overall clarification of the immigration system in the United States throughout the past and in latest policies. Ever since 1882, America claimed that the settlement objective was to prevent it from occurring, although it permitted the complete opposite. Thus, the single factual policy that has been realistic to American immigration is that it is on aRead MoreImmigration : The Fundamental Aspect Of American Growth1395 Words   |  6 Pages Immigration: The Fundamental Aspect of American Growth Luis Herrera First Period AP Government February 19, 2015 â€Æ' Immigration: The Fundamental Aspect of American Growth All great empires in history have been rooted in a specific, defining set of characteristics, traditions, values, and perspectives that fuel society towards unity and comradery. This central set of practices and perspectives evolves with along with the people it pertains to and creates a culture that effects all aspects of theRead MoreUnderstanding Americans Perspective Toward Immigration Essay1362 Words   |  6 PagesUnderstanding Americans’ Perspective toward Immigration Introduction It is no astonishingly to observe that the American population has increased enormously in the last fifteen years. Nevertheless, the massive population growth has occurred due to the arrival of immigrants at a large scale. The Pew Hispanic Center published that from 2005 to 2015, immigrants and their offspring born in the America contributed 45 percent to its total population growth. Within this group of immigrants, Latino immigrants constitutedRead MoreImmigration As An Ethical Issue1148 Words   |  5 PagesIMMIGRATION AS AN ETHICAL ISSUE 2 Immigration as an ethical dilemma has attracted decades of debate. It is an ethical issue that has not found a solution, and it does not appear that it will find one soon. Immigration debates may look interesting but the two antagonistic groups: those who support immigrant and those who oppose them seem to score equally with no solution (Kourtsounis, 2014). The groups that oppose immigration have strongly accused the government for allowing its borders to remainRead MoreEssay on Immigration Reform1145 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"We are nation of immigrants. Some came here willingly, some unwillingly. Nonetheless, we are immigrants, or the descendants of immigrants, one, and all. Even the natives came from somewhere else, originally. All of the people who come to this country come for freedom, or for some product of that extraordinary, illusory condition. That is what we offer here—freedom and opportunity in a land of relative plenty.† (Middletown Journal 2005) We have created the land of free. Nonetheless, thereRead MoreThe Immigration Act Of 19241399 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout history, immigration has remained a complex and influential piece of presidential policy—from the Age of Mass Migration, which led to the Immigration Act of 1924, to present day policy, which may result in the construction of a border wall. The debate on immigration remains contentious, inspiring emotional and empirical arguments by politicians and the public alike. Many of these aspects are discussed and defined within Abramitzky, Boustan, and Eriksson’s paper â€Å"A Nation of Immigrants: AssimilationRead MoreEssay on Guarding the Golden Door1551 Words   |  7 PagesAmerican immigration history is the story of bonded, free, and enslaved migrant labor. Immigration to a settler society advances resource extraction and economic development. Extracting agricultural products and natural resources from land can Require forced labor. Over the last 30 years the United States has been turning once again into a nation of immigrants. Roger Daniels is especially sensitive to the role of race and ethnicity in shaping American immigration policy. Daniel provides an expertRead MoreImmigration : A Nation Of Immigrants937 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"Immigration make us stronger. It keeps us vibrant. It keeps us hungry. It keeps us prosperous. It is part of what makes this such a dynamic country†-Barack Obama. Throughout America’s history, immigrants have been a pivotal aspect on its economy and culture. America has always been a nation of immigrants, in fact during 1881 to 1920 nearly 23.5 million immigrants were welcomed by the American government with open arms. However, this phase ended when the U.S. government decided to put a limit onRead MoreImmigration Problem Of Illegal Immigration1530 Words   |  7 Pagesproblems is that of illegal immigration. Recently, the country has been made aware that its illegal immigration problem that it is working so hard to correct, is frankly failing. To date, it has seemingly not done its best to correct the issue though. America must fix the major problem of illegal immigration before it becomes too out of hand. The existing American immigration policies fail at regulating immigration from the Mexican border due to the large amount of immigrants in America, that MexicansRead More History of Latino/a Immigration to the U.S. Essay1475 Words   |  6 Pagesholds strong for immigrants in America. Equal access to opportunities allows immigrants to achieve the American dream. Their success correlates with America’s success because of the contributions immigrants provide to America. Unfortunately, the current immigration policy in America denies many immigrants the American dream. It is crucial to understand the historical context of immigration in America. Initially, most immigrants were from Europe and were not restrict ed by any immigration laws. Now, most

Healthcare Organizational Structure Dynamic and Complex

Question: Discuss about the Healthcare Organizational Structure Dynamic and Complex. Answer: Introduction: Healthcare organizations are dynamic and complex and require the managers to play an array of roles that includes leadership, coordination and supervision of employees. The complexity and scope of the healthcare organizations are great that requires the following of an organizational strategy. The organizational structure should be so designed so as to support the management for organizing and coordinating the resources and workforce for achieving the agreed strategy, vision and mission of the organization (Carayon et al., 2014). Sydney Community Hospital (SCH) has a bureaucratic (functional) organizational structure that is functional and traditional and the management team is intended to adopt an alternative organizational structure to accommodate the growing needs of the community. This assignment will discuss and compare the existing and alternative organizational structure that can be beneficial for SCH to provide the healthcare of highest quality to the community by improving t he collaboration and communication across the interdisciplinary teams for resource utilization. SCH presently follows the bureaucratic organizational structure that has a functional and traditional hierarchical structure. This structure essentially follows a pyramidal command structure for the organization of the various work activities. It has a high degree of formality in its operational strategies and is very organized. Since SCH is a 110-bed community hospital, it has several departments like specialty care, emergency care, surgical and acute medical for serving the local community (Harper, 2015). In the bureaucratic organizations like SCH have organizational charts in each of its departments and the decision making process involves an organized process under a strict control and command structure. This makes the hospital highly efficient, fair and orderly. Advantages of this type of organizations include the fact that the top-level managers are expected to exercise greater control over the strategy decisions of the organization and this makes the decision making the time s horter as lesser people are involved in the process. Best practices and standardization are the forte of bureaucratic organizations which ensures that the work design is effective and efficient to complete the healthcare activities within the set deadline (Pauget Wald, 2013). Since SCH has a number of departments, this type of organizational structure is ideal to exert control over their activities to provide healthcare services of the highest quality. Although this organizational structure has several benefits, it also has several limitations. Bureaucratic organizational structures are known to discourage innovation and creativity in the organization since the manager alone cannot generate the strategic idea range that can be possible in an interdisciplinary and large group. Even if the manager is highly ingenious, this type of structure cannot satisfy the frontline employees in such a rigid environment that increases the rate of employee turnover (Hesselink et al., 2013). Such ri gid controls also prevent the organization to change and adapt to the ever-changing conditions in the market and therefore, the present organizational structure is not beneficial for SCH considering the current healthcare environment and the changing health needs of the population of the community. For the new health services of SCH, matrix organizational structure will be the best-suited structure for facilitating the achievement of the new mission and strategic goals of the organization. Matrix organizational structure sets up the structure of the organization in the form of matrix or grids for the reporting relationships rather than following the conventional hierarchy system (Ashkenas et al., 2015). The complexity and size of the health organization determine the type of organizational structure and since SCH is believed to include a large population of the community with its retirement villages and nursing homes, this type of organizational structure will be the best fit. Matrix organizational structure combines the product and functional structures and sets the practice of managing the individual specialties with multiple reporting lines ((Eppinger Browning, 2012). This is also referred to as the cross business group type or the cross functional management that are very much unlike the business units that are traditionally vertical. One striking characteristic of this type of organization is that the individuals with specific working skills are pooled together for working on health specialties and are controlled by multiple managers. There are specific advantages of this type of organizational structure that starts from the fact that the resource coordination becomes optimum. This type of organizational structure allows for supervisors and managers to specifically focus on their specialty domains (Goetsch Davis, 2014). Functional supervisors are endowed with the responsibility of focusing on the activities of managing, training and hiring employees in their respective healthcare domains whereas the supervisors of the individual healthcare and hospital projects can concentrate on achieving their individual and project goals to meet the mission and vision of the hospital. A comparison between the key lines of responsibility and authority between the two organizational structures will reveal the efficiency of the new structure over the previous structure for achieving the overall organizational goals. The overall strategic goal of the new organization is the development of multidisciplinary and high performing teams within the specialist services for delivering patient-centered care that is responsive and effective for the changing health needs of the community (Scott Davis, 2015). The current structure offers tight and rigid constraints, policies and procedures that are reluctant to change or adapt. Compared to this, the matrix organizational structure does not place the employees in isolated functional areas and lets them to have constant contact with the multidisciplinary teams by participating in the project teams. This lets the employees develop wider skill sets that would have not possible in a bureaucratic organizational structure. Since bureau cratic structures make the job more specialized, it tends to repeat the job activities that tend to breed dissatisfaction among the employees (Hatch Cunliffe, 2013). This tends to make the employees feel passive and helpless and they tend to be indifferent to the goals of the company without the supervisors paying attention to their concerns. On the contrary, in the matrix organizational structures, the fluidity of communication is maintained as the employees are in constant contact with each other and also with the staff members from other departments and specialties. In the bureaucratic structure, the business lacks from lack of responsibility and accountability of the management which is a serious issue in healthcare (Wilensky, 2015). However, the matrix structure involves self management of the employees and increases their decision making abilities, which is a crucial aspect in healthcare. This will certainly benefit the SCH if the employees are more responsible towards their duty and the community. Although matrix organizational structure is the commonly used structure in healthcare, it has some advantages and disadvantages that can be related to the changing environment of healthcare and the strategic goal of the new organization to achieve for the patients, carers and the community. The prime advantage of this structure is that it helps in the efficient information exchange (Butler Wilson, 2015). Various specialties work in close proximity that promotes the opportunities of frequent communication to resolve complex healthcare issues. This fastens the process of decision making and increases the productivity of the employees. This is in alignment with the strategic goal of SCH as it aims to develop high performance multidisciplinary teams with specialty services for providing responsive and effective patient centered care. A democratic leadership style is followed in the matrix organizational structure that incorporates the opinions of the team members. This account for the i nflux of valuable information for patient care and this is much in alignment with the mission of SCH that is to provide the highest quality healthcare by partnering with the community, carers and patients. This is possible only when there is a well fledged communication between the employees with their managers. The disadvantage includes the fact that it can result in the formation of internal complexities (Rothaermel, 2015). Employees tend to receive command from two or more supervisor and this makes patient care activities critical, especially during the emergency conditions. This might go against the vision statement of SCH of providing world class healthcare facilitates for the community if the staff members get confused about carrying out the orders of their superiors. Moreover, this structure is quite expensive in its maintenance as it requires double management in certain conditions which involves excess salaries that strain the resources. This will affect the strategic goal of SCH as weaker multidisciplinary teams and specialist services will be formed out of strained resources. Considering both the advantages and the disadvantages of the structure, it can be stated that the benefits of the structure are favorable for the changing healthcare environment and can aid in the strategic goal of SCH to increase the number of specialty services with the provision of community clinics. Organizational structure in the hospitals helps in the efficient management of the various specialties that helps in providing better care services in alignment with their organizational mission. Since SCH has the mission and vision of providing healthcare services of world class standards, matrix organizational structure will help the organization to achieve its strategic goals and meet its mission and vision statements. Aggregation of the departments and individuals will allow for multidisciplinary and patient centered care through well communicated and managed healthcare professionals in partnership with the patients, carers and the community. References Ashkenas, R., Ulrich, D., Jick, T., Kerr, S. (2015).The boundaryless organization: Breaking the chains of organizational structure. John Wiley Sons. Butler, R., Wilson, D. C. (2015).Managing voluntary and non-profit organizations: Strategy and structure. Routledge. Carayon, P., Wetterneck, T. B., Rivera-Rodriguez, A. J., Hundt, A. S., Hoonakker, P., Holden, R., Gurses, A. P. (2014). Human factors systems approach to healthcare quality and patient safety.Applied ergonomics,45(1), 14-25. Eppinger, S. D., Browning, T. R. (2012).Design structure matrix methods and applications. MIT press. Goetsch, D. L., Davis, S. B. (2014).Quality management for organizational excellence. pearson. Harper, C. (2015).Organizations: Structures, processes and outcomes. Routledge. Hatch, M. J., Cunliffe, A. L. (2013).Organization theory: modern, symbolic and postmodern perspectives. Oxford university press. Hesselink, G., Vernooij-Dassen, M., Pijnenborg, L., Barach, P., Gademan, P., Dudzik-Urbaniak, E., ... Schoonhoven, L. (2013). Organizational culture: an important context for addressing and improving hospital to community patient discharge.Medical care,51(1), 90-98. Pauget, B., Wald, A. (2013). Relational competence in complex temporary organizations: The case of a French hospital construction project network.International Journal of Project Management,31(2), 200-211. Rothaermel, F. T. (2015).Strategic management. McGraw-Hill. Scott, W. R., Davis, G. F. (2015).Organizations and organizing: Rational, natural and open systems perspectives. Routledge. Wilensky, H. L. (2015).Organizational intelligence: Knowledge and policy in government and industry(Vol. 19). Quid Pro Books.

The Right Moral Choice for the US in Response to Chemical Weapons attack in Syria

Introduction Some of the questions that have dominated the popular media and debates worldwide concern the situation in Syria and the question of the United States’ involvement in the ongoing events in Syria.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Right Moral Choice for the US in Response to Chemical Weapons attack in Syria specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The humanitarian situation in Syria has worsened in the past few months due to increase in the scale of violence resulting from calculated attacks on civilians. This paper presents views on the right moral decision by the United States concerning the use of chemical weapons to attack civilians in Syria. Chemical weapons attack in Syria and the US response There have been a lot of claims and arguments concerning the situation in Syria due to continued months of violence in the country. The violence has resulted in a lot of deaths and displacements. One main thing that has invigorated the debate and triggered the response from the White House is the claim that the Syrian regime, under the leadership of its incumbent President Bashar al-Assad, utilized chemical weapons to attack civilians in opposition zones. This has made President Obama stage a bill and enhance the campaign to seek support of the Congress to allow US intervention in Syria through the use of minimum violence (Frumin para. 1-2). The aim of the minimum attacks plan is to help liberate Syrians from what the United States terms as a brutal and rogue regime. However, lots of questions are posed, with most commentators questioning the moral basis on which the US wants to use minimum violence to oust the regime of Bashar al-Assad. What should be questioned is the ability of the US to carry out attacks without causing more harm to innocent civilians in Syria. This concern comes from the fact that the Syrian forces have attracted a lot of players, like Russia and Iran, who have promised to support the Syrian regime to counter the attacks if the United States stages a military intervention in Syria.Advertising Looking for essay on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Moral issues concerning the US response plan The statement that was released by the US Secretary of State, John Kerry, denoted the focus of the United States on a plan to free the citizens of Syria from the atrocities being committed by the Syrian government. Kerry said that the nature of killing innocent people that is taking place in Syria depicts a high level of moral obscenity (The New York Times para. 2). According to the New York Times (para. 3), the United States government views the attack as an incidence that goes beyond the conflict and violence in Syria. Instead, use of chemical weapons is a rogue action since the weapons are barred. The most critical moral question here concerns the perspective of the Unite d States on the use of chemical weapons in Syria. The United States sees this as a provocative act by the Syrian regime, thus the response by the US government. There is the need to take a rational stance and eliminate the politics of dominance from the matter, regardless of how much this may be considered to be a provocative act. Use of chemical weapons by any country needs to be condemned using the strongest terms possible. However, there is not much to think regarding what is best for the people if any set of interventions are likely to bring more harm than good to innocent citizens. In this regard, such interventions would be largely considered to be immoral (Moneme para. 1-3). Most of the military interventions that have been staged by the United States have resulted in further political destabilization and violence that cause more harm to innocent citizens. Examples that can be given here include Afghanistan, Vietnam and Iraq (Fitzpatrick para 7). Conclusion Most commentators have opposed the proposed military intervention in Syria. Most of the arguments come from liberals, who cite the use of military intervention as a potential cause of more violence due to counteractive forces. These can cause more harm than the supposed chemical attack by the Syrian government. Works Cited Fitzpatrick, Matthew. â€Å"Five Reasons Military Intervention in Syria is Wrong.† The Drum. 2013. Web.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Right Moral Choice for the US in Response to Chemical Weapons attack in Syria specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Frumin, Aliyah. â€Å"Liberals See no Good Choices in Syria Crisis.† NBC News. 2013. Web. Moneme, Nnamdi. â€Å"Fighting the Right Demons.† Catholic Exchange. 2013. Web. The New York Times. â€Å"Text of Kerry’s Statement on Chemical Weapons in Syria.† The New York Times. 2013. Web. This essay on The Right Moral Choice for the US in Response to Chemical Weapons attack in Syria was written and submitted by user Tristen C. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

How Racism Takes 7 Different Forms

How Racism Takes 7 Different Forms Racism refers to a variety of practices, beliefs, social relations, and phenomena that work to reproduce a racial hierarchy and social structure that yield  superiority, power, and privilege for some, and discrimination and oppression for others. It can take several forms, including representational, ideological, discursive, interactional, institutional, structural,  and systemic. Racism exists when ideas and assumptions about racial categories  are used to justify and reproduce a racial hierarchy and racially structured society that unjustly limits access to resources, rights, and privileges  on the basis of race. Racism also occurs when this kind of unjust social structure is produced by the  failure  to account for race and  its  historical  and contemporary roles in society. Contrary to a dictionary definition, racism, as defined based on social science research and theory,  is about much more than race-based prejudice- it exists when an imbalance in power and social status is generated by how we understand and act upon race. The 7 Forms of Racism Racism takes seven main forms, according to social science. Rarely does any one exist on its own. Instead, racism typically operates as a combination of at least two forms working together, simultaneously. Independently and together, these seven forms of racism work to reproduce racist ideas, racist interactions and behavior, racist practices and policies, and an overall racist social structure. Representational Racism Depictions of racial stereotypes are common in popular culture and media, like the historical tendency to cast people of color as criminals and as victims of crime rather than in other roles, or as background characters rather than as leads in film and television. Also common are racial caricatures that are racist in their representations, like â€Å"mascots† for the Cleveland Indians, Atlanta Braves, and the Washington Redskins. The power of representational racism- or racism expressed in how racial groups are represented within popular culture- is that it encapsulates a whole range of racist ideas that imply inferiority, and often stupidity and untrustworthiness, in images that circulate society and permeate our culture. While those not directly harmed by representational racism might not take it seriously, the presence of such images and our interaction with them on a near-constant basis helps to keep alive the racist ideas attached to them. Ideological Racism Ideology is a word that sociologists use to refer to the world views, beliefs, and common sense ways of thinking that are normal in a society or culture. So, ideological racism is a kind of racism that colors and manifests in those things. It refers to world views, beliefs, and common sense ideas that are rooted in racial stereotypes and biases. A troubling example is the fact that many people in American society, regardless of their race, believe that  white and light skinned people are more intelligent than dark-skinned people and superior in a variety of other ways. Historically, this particular form of ideological racism supported and justified the building of European colonial empires and U.S. imperialism through the unjust acquisition of land, people, and resources around the world. Today, some common ideological forms of racism include the belief that Black women are sexually promiscuous, that Latina women are â€Å"fiery† or â€Å"hot-tempered,† and that black men and boys are criminally oriented. This form of racism has a negative impact on people of color as a whole because it works to deny them access to and/or success within education and the professional world, and subjects them to heightened police surveillance, harassment, and violence, among other negative outcomes. Discursive Racism Racism is often expressed linguistically, in the discourse we use to talk about the world and people in it. This kind of racism is expressed as racial slurs and hate speech, but also as code words that have racialized meanings embedded in them, like â€Å"ghetto,† â€Å"thug,† or â€Å"gangsta.† Just as representational racism communicates racist ideas through images, discursive racism communicates them through the actual words we use to describe people and places. Using words that rely on stereotypical racial differences to communicate explicit or implicit hierarchies perpetuates the racist inequalities that exist in society. Interactional Racism Racism often takes an interactional form, which means it is expressed in how we interact with each other. For example, a white or Asian woman walking on a sidewalk may cross the street to avoid passing closely by a black or Latino man because she is implicitly biased to see these men as potential threats. When a person of color is verbally or physically assaulted because of their race, this is interactional racism. When a neighbor calls the police to report a break-in because they do not recognize their black neighbor, or when someone automatically assumes that a person of color is a low-level employee or an assistant, though they might be a manager, executive, or owner of a business, this is interactional racism. Hate crimes are the most extreme manifestation of this form of racism. Interactional racism causes stress, anxiety, and emotional and physical harm to people of color on a daily basis. Institutional Racism Racism takes institutional form in the ways that policies and laws are crafted and put into practice through societys institutions, such as the decades-long set of policing and legal policies known as â€Å"The War on Drugs,† which has disproportionately targeted neighborhoods and communities that are composed predominantly of people of color. Other examples include New York City’s Stop-N-Frisk policy that overwhelmingly targets black and Latino males,  the practice among real estate agents and mortgage lenders of not allowing people of color to own property in certain neighborhoods and that force them to accept less desirable mortgage rates, and educational tracking policies that funnel children of color into remedial classes and trades programs. Institutional racism preserves and fuels the racial gaps in wealth, education, and social status, and serves to perpetuate white supremacy and privilege. Structural Racism Structural racism refers to the ongoing, historical, and long-term reproduction of the racialized structure of our society through a combination of all of the above forms. Structural racism manifests in widespread  racial segregation and stratification on the basis of education, income, and wealth, the recurrent displacement of people of color from neighborhoods that go through processes of gentrification, and the overwhelming burden of environmental pollution borne by people of color given its proximity to their communities. Structural racism results in large-scale, society-wide inequalities on the basis of race. Systemic Racism Many sociologists describe racism in the U.S. as systemic because the country was founded on racist beliefs that created racist policies and practices, and because that legacy lives today in the racism that courses throughout the entirety of our social system. This means that racism was built into the very foundation of our society, and because of this, it has influenced the development of social institutions, laws, policies, beliefs, media representations, and behaviors and interactions, among many other things. By this definition, the system itself is racist, so effectively addressing racism requires a system-wide approach that leaves nothing unexamined. Racism in Sum Sociologists observe a variety of styles or types of racism within these seven different forms. Some may be overtly racist, like the use of racial slurs or hate speech, or policies that intentionally discriminate against people on the basis of race. Others may be covert, kept to oneself, hidden from public view, or obscured by color-blind policies that purport to be race-neutral, though they have racist impacts. While something may not appear obviously racist at first glance, it may, in fact, prove to be racist when one examines the implications of it through a sociological lens. If it relies on stereotypical notions of race and reproduces a racially structured society, then it is racist. Due to the sensitive nature of race as a topic of conversation in American society, some have come to think that simply noticing race, or identifying or describing someone using race, is racist. Sociologists do not agree with this. In fact, many sociologists, race scholars, and anti-racist activists emphasize the importance of recognizing and accounting for race and racism as necessary in the pursuit of social, economic, and political justice.

Biography of Father Miguel Hidalgo, Mexicos Founder

Biography of Father Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico's Founder Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla (May 8, 1753–July 30, 1811) is today remembered as the father of his country, the great hero of Mexicos War for Independence. His position has become cemented in lore, and there are any number of hagiographic biographies available featuring him as their subject. The truth about Hidalgo is a little more complex. The facts and dates leave no doubt: his was the first serious insurrection on Mexican soil against Spanish authority, and he managed to get quite far with his poorly armed mob. He was a charismatic leader and made a good team with the military man Ignacio Allende despite their mutual hatred. Fast Facts: Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla Known For: Considered Mexicos founding fatherAlso Known As: Miguel Gregorio Antonio Francisco Ignacio Hidalgo-Costilla y Gallaga Mandarte Villaseà ±orBorn: May 8, 1753 in  Pà ©njamo, MexicoParents: Cristà ³bal Hidalgo y Costilla,  Ana Marà ­a GallagaDied: July 30, 1811 in  Chihuahua, MexicoEducation: Royal and Pontifical University of Mexico (degree in philosophy and theology, 1773)Publications: Ordered the publication of a newspaper,  Despertador Americano  (American Wake Up Call)Honors: Dolores Hidalgo, the town where his parish was located, is named in his honor and the state of  Hidalgo  was created in 1869, also in his honor.Notable Quote: Action must be taken at once; there is no time to be lost; we shall yet see the oppressors yoke broken and the fragments scattered on the ground. Early Life Born on May 8, 1753, Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla was the second of 11 children fathered by Cristà ³bal Hidalgo, an estate administrator. He and his elder brother attended a school run by the Jesuits, and both decided to join the priesthood. They studied at San Nicols Obispo, a prestigious school in Valladolid (now Morelia). Hidalgo distinguished himself as a student and received top marks in his class. He would go on to become rector of his old school, becoming known as a top theologian. When his elder brother died in 1803, Miguel took over for him as the priest of the town of Dolores. Conspiracy Hidalgo often hosted gatherings at his home where he would talk about whether it was the duty of the people to obey or overthrow an unjust tyrant. Hidalgo believed the Spanish crown was such a tyrant: a royal collection of debt had ruined the finances of the Hidalgo family, and he saw injustice daily in his work with the poor. There was a conspiracy for independence in Querà ©taro at this time: The conspiracy felt that they needed someone with moral authority, a relationship with the lower classes and good connections. Hidalgo was recruited and joined without reservation. El Grito de Dolores/The Cry of Dolores Hidalgo was in Dolores on September 15, 1810, with other leaders of the conspiracy, including military commander Allende, when word came to them that the conspiracy had been found out. Needing to move immediately, Hidalgo rang the church bells on the morning of the sixteenth, calling in all of the locals who happened to be in the market that day. From the pulpit, he announced his intention to strike for independence and exhorted the people of Dolores to join him. Most did: Hidalgo had an army of some 600 men within minutes. This became known as the Cry of Dolores. The Siege of Guanajuato Hidalgo and Allende marched their growing army through the towns of San Miguel and Celaya, where the angry rabble killed all Spaniards they could find and looted their homes. Along the way, they adopted the Virgin of Guadalupe as their symbol. On Sept. 28, 1810, they reached the mining city of Guanajuato, where the Spaniards and royalist forces had barricaded themselves inside the public granary. The battle, which became known as the siege of Guanajuato, was horrific: The rebel horde, which by then numbered some 30,000, overran the fortifications and slaughtered the 500 Spaniards inside. Then the town of Guanajuato was looted: creoles, as well as Spaniards, suffered. Monte de Las Cruces Hidalgo and Allende, their army now some 80,000 strong, continued their march on Mexico City. The Viceroy hastily organized a defense, sending out Spanish general Torcuato Trujillo with 1,000 men, 400 horsemen, and two cannons: all that could be found on such short notice. The two armies clashed on Monte de las Cruces (Mount of the Crosses) on Oct. 30, 1810. The result was predictable: The Royalists fought bravely (a young officer named Agustà ­n de Iturbide distinguished himself) but could not win against such overwhelming odds. When the cannons were captured in combat, the surviving royalists retreated to the city. Retreat Although his army had the advantage and could easily have taken Mexico City, Hidalgo retreated against the counsel of Allende. This retreat when victory was at hand has puzzled historians and biographers ever since. Some feel that Hidalgo feared that the largest Royalist army in Mexico, some 4,000 veterans under the command of General Fà ©lix Calleja, was nearby (it was, but not close enough to save Mexico City had Hidalgo attacked). Others say Hidalgo wanted to spare the citizens of Mexico City the inevitable sacking and plunder. In any event, Hidalgo’s retreat was his greatest tactical error. The Battle of Calderon Bridge The rebels split for a while as Allende went to Guanajuato and Hidalgo to Guadalajara. They reunited, although things were tense between the two men. Spanish General Fà ©lix Calleja and his army caught up with the rebels at Calderà ³n Bridge near the entrance to Guadalajara on Jan. 17, 1811. Although Calleja was vastly outnumbered, he caught a break when a lucky cannonball exploded a rebel munitions wagon. In the ensuing smoke, fire, and chaos, Hidalgos undisciplined soldiers broke. Betrayal and Capture Hidalgo and Allende were forced to head north to the United States in the hope of finding weapons and mercenaries there. Allende was by then sick of Hidalgo and placed him under arrest: he went north as a prisoner. In the north, they were betrayed by local insurrection leader Ignacio Elizondo and captured. In short order, they were given to Spanish authorities and sent to the city of Chihuahua to stand trial. Also captured were insurgent leaders Juan Aldama, Mariano Abasolo, and Mariano Jimà ©nez, men who had been involved in the conspiracy since the start. Death All of the rebel leaders were found guilty and sentenced to death, except for Mariano Abasolo, who was sent to Spain to serve a life sentence. Allende, Jimà ©nez, and Aldama were executed on June 26, 1811, shot in the back as a sign of dishonor. Hidalgo, as a priest, had to undergo a civil trial as well as a visit from the Inquisition. He was eventually stripped of his priesthood, found guilty, and executed on July 30. The heads of Hidalgo, Allende, Aldama, and Jimà ©nez were preserved and hung from the four corners of the granary of Guanajuato as a warning to those who would follow in their footsteps. Legacy After decades of abusing Creoles and poor Mexicans, there was a vast well of resentment and hatred that Hidalgo was able to tap into: even he seemed surprised by the level of anger released on the Spaniards by his mob. He provided the catalyst for Mexicos poor to vent their anger on the hated gachipines or Spaniards, but his army was more like a swarm of locusts, and about as impossible to control. His questionable leadership also contributed to his downfall. Historians can only wonder what might have happened had Hidalgo pushed into Mexico City in November 1810: history certainly would be different. In this, Hidalgo was too proud or stubborn to listen to the sound military advice offered by Allende and others and press his advantage. Finally, Hidalgos approval of the violent sacking and looting by his forces alienated the group most vital to any independence movement: middle-class and wealthy Creoles like himself. Poor peasants and Indians only had the power to burn, pillage, and destroy: They could not create a new identity for Mexico, one that would allow Mexicans to psychologically break from Spain and craft a national conscience for themselves. Still, Hidalgo became a great leader: After his death. His timely martyrdom allowed others to pick up the fallen banner of freedom and independence. His influence on later fighters such as Josà © Marà ­a Morelos, Guadalupe Victoria, and others is considerable. Today, Hidalgos remains lie in a Mexico City monument known as the Angel of Independence along with other Revolutionary heroes. Sources Harvey, Robert. Liberators: Latin Americas Struggle for Independence. 1st Edition, Harry N. Abrams, September 1, 2000.ï » ¿Lynch, John. The Spanish American Revolutions 1808-1826. Revolutions in the modern world, Hardcover, Norton, 1973.

Disccuss Mary Cassatt's The CHild's Bath 1893 in terms of one or two Essay

Disccuss Mary Cassatt's The CHild's Bath 1893 in terms of one or two ideas - Essay Example Also, Cassett shows her interest in Japanese woodblock print which is evident in this picture. The painting of a Child Bath is based on a mother cleaning a little child's feet in a tub of water (Art Institute of Chicago). The walls behind this cozy scene are covered in a wall paper decorated with a flowery pattern. The floor appears to be a carpet of some sort: designed intricately with flowers placed inside boxes. A jug is placed to the right side of the painting. The mother is fully dressed in a long gown and has a child placed on her knee. The child is looking down and is clothed with a single white cloth. The artist has used very vibrant colors in this painting. There are no shadows and there is a very bold brushwork used by the artist. She uses an asymmetrical style (Art Access).The shape of the woman and child's head, the basin and the pitcher are circular. The image also has a symmetrical striped pattern. Thus, the entire painting is in perfect asymmetrical form. This, along with Cassatt's decision to paint from an unusual position: above. Adler speaks of how to think about art in his book. In an interview with Luckman he claims art to be a technique which uses skill or expert to produce a piece. This is exactly what Cassatt uses in her work, technique to produce a perfect painting. While this painting is n

A movement in American history Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

A movement in American history - Term Paper Example Therefore, drawing on a variety of sources the paper will discuss the Anti-Vietnam War movement of the l960s. On January 20, 1961, John F. Kennedy became the 35th head of state of the United States of America. During that time, there were continuous revolutionary attempts to topple the American backed South Vietnamese government by the communist National Liberation Front (NLF). By December 31, 1960, there were already more 900 military personnel in Vietnam (Bowman 20). President Kennedy’s administration provided more help to South Vietnam, including American military advisers and soldiers. During that same year, the Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) was formed and it became a crucial force during the Anti-Vietnam War campaign in the 1960s. By 1962, the combat troops had doubled. American involvement increased further when the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution gave President Kennedy more power to increase military presence in Vietnam. In 1965, regular combat soldiers were deployed. Proponents of the Vietnam War argued that by turning the Vietnamese nation into a communist state it would imply that the anti-communists would be losing the Cold War. In other words, the involvement of America in the war was a way of preventing the communist takeover of South Vietnam. While South Vietnam was supported by the U.S and other anti-communist allies, North Vietnam was supported by China and the Soviet Union, as well as other communist allies. The NFL, a communist front in the South, fought in favor of the North Vietnam. Supporters of the war asserted that communism was a threat to free governments and America was protecting its national interests (Bowman 34-37). The protests against the Vietnamese War were very few at the beginning. However, as the Vietnamese War continued to gain intensity; public disenchantment also escalated. The Americans were growing tired of the increasing war casualties together with

Principles of Economics Essay Example for Free

Principles of Economics Essay Suggest how an economist would approach the problem of alcohol abuse. Economics is about scarcity and choice. It is assumed that all human beings are rational thinkers hence would always choose to consume products that would give them maximum satisfaction or utility. Mankiw (2011, p. 6) argues that rational people ‘systematically and purposefully do the best to achieve objectives given available opportunity.’ Given a choice among alternatives and with scarce resources, one would evaluate the benefits and costs of consuming an extra unit of a product and would only take a decision only if marginal benefit is greater than marginal cost. In this case, to solve the alcohol abuse problem, one has to consider marginal benefits and marginal costs derived from consuming an extra unit of alcohol and since excessive drinking has more costs than benefits, one would refrain from alcohol. The opportunity cost foregone by choosing to abuse alcohol is too high compared to satisfaction derived; money spent on alcohol can do many other things such as feeding the family, education for children, and investments among others. Besides, the person may have health problems thus adding to the costs. By considering all these factors, a rational person would refrain from alcohol abuse. Heyne (2000) acknowledges the role played by incentives in directing behavior. For him, rational people usually respond to incentives or are induced to act by them. Assuming alcohol abusers are rational, imposing taxes on alcohol substances would eliminate the problem. This would follow the law of demand which states that other things being constant, if the price of a good increase, the quantity demanded of the good decreases. Taxes have the effect of increasing alcohol prices and this would automatically mean that the abusers would desist from alcohol consumption or cut their consumption. Analyze how prescription drugs affect the demand and supply of other products  and services in this country. Prescription drugs are drugs prescribed by a medical officer to a patient and are regulated by legislation unlike the over-the-counter drugs which can be old to anyone. If a patient is under prescription drugs, he/she buys the drugs despite the price of the drugs. An increase or decrease in price of the drugs therefore has little or no effect on the quantity demanded by an individual (McCarthy Schafermeyer, 2007). The drugs are provided by the National Health Insurance and have no close substitutes. The increase in price of the drugs thus affects all the sectors of healthcare industry such as patients and private insurers. Due to increased costs, the private insurers are forced to increase the cost of their services in case they have to offer such drugs and this may lead to low demand for their services. The patients are also required to get medical prescriptions before obtaining the drugs thus the demand for the medicine may be low compared to over-the-counter drugs. Use of prescription drugs also has an effect on demand for other healthcare services such as hospitalization. The prescription drugs also affect supply of generic products as manufacturers have patents to supply the new drugs for some years. Formulate a reason why elasticity of demand is an important consideration when analyzing the impact of a shift in supply and why the elasticity of supply is an important consideration when analyzing the impact of shift in demand. The price elasticity of demanded which is percentage change in quantity demanded over percentage change in price shows consumers responsiveness to price changes. (McKenzie Lee, 2006). It is an important consideration when analyzing the impact of a shift in supply and in determining if the firm should raise or lower its price. The supply curve is upward sloping showing a positive relationship between price and quantity supplied other things held constant. However, in long-run, those factors do change causing a shift in supply curve. Such factors include; input prices, technology, expectations and number of sellers in the market. For example, an increase in input prices such as labor would lead to a decrease in supply thus shifting the supply curve to the left. This results in low output which is  not able to satisfy the market demand thus pushing the prices up. An increase in prices according to the law of demand would lead to a fall in demand leading to excess supply and consequently fall in prices until an equilibrium is reached (Mankiw, 2011). However, the fall in quantity demanded will be determined by elasticity of demand. If the product has inelastic demand, an increase in price as a result of shift in supply would have no effect on demand thus suppliers would get more revenue. If demand for the product is elastic, an increase in price would lead to a massive reduction in quantity demanded and consequently lowering of prices and revenue. Shifts in demand curve are caused by other factors that affect demand except price. These include; income, price of related goods, tastes and preferences, expectations and number of buyers (Mankiw, 2011). Elasticity of supply shows the producers’ responsiveness to changes in price and is important in evaluating the impact of a shift in demand. For example, an increase in income would lead to an increase in demand depending on the type of the good thereby shifting the demand curve to the right. If it is an inferior good, an increase in income would lead to decrease in demand shifting the curve to the left. In this case, the good is normal. A shift in demand curve to the right would lead to an increase in price and quantity supplied. However, this is determined by elasticity of supply. If the good is elastic, a small increase in price would lead to a large increase in quantity supplied. This would in effect lead to excess supply forcing the prices to fall thus inducing an increase in quantity demanded but if the supply is inelastic, an increase in price would lead to a small increase in quantity supplied not enough to offset costs hence fall in revenue. Provide two examples of increasing-cost industries in your state and propose why they would have a positively sloped supply curve. According to McEachern (2010) increasing-cost industries occur as a result of entry of new firms due to increase in demand. An increase in demand results in high production costs and the average long-run average cost curve of each firm to shift upwards. The market is competitive and thus new firms enter the industry to share in the abnormal profits made by existing firms. However, as new firms enter, they compete thereby pushing up the production costs leading to low  profit or some firms are forced out of the market. This depends on how far the market supply curve shifts to interact with demand curve. The industry would have a positively sloped supply curve as an indication of the increasing costs. Examples of increasing-cost industries are housing construction and mobile companies which bid up prices for labor and raw materials. Suggest how, under certain conditions, a perfectly competitive market is economically efficient. A perfectly competitive market cant innovate, because all products are homogeneous and cant take advantage of cooperation. But if you define efficiency in a particularly useless way and choose only one definition of economic efficiency as well then there are certain conditions under which a perfectly competitive market is economically efficient.

cloning enigma :: essays research papers

Year 2004: A father goes to a hospital and enters the room of a genetic engineer. â€Å" Sir I want to have a child.† Doctor, â€Å"What gender?† â€Å" A boy, blue eyes, blonde hair, fair skin , good height and intelligence equivalent to Einstein’s.† Doctor,† Sorry sir, no Einstiens, no Aristotles, Government isn’t allowing any more. You know the student councils have been shouting their heads off, cause the Sommerfield Wave equation has been changed so often.† Brace yourselves fellow human beings, for the onslaught of technology in the ensuing years. Owing to the rapid progress being made in genetics, you and I might be declared a rare species in the years to come. ‘Designer Babies’ will be the order of the day. Alas! The first human clone being bred in American Laboratories will not grow into a human being like us mortals! But it possesses a replication of our Genetic Code. The cells will continue to multiply like in any of us but unlike us they would be on a laboratory’s culture discs. The basic purpose behind this million dollar Genome Project is to create healthy cells free from any diseases and use them to cure ailing people. I personally feel that this entire project is a wonderful step towards eradicating lethal like AIDS and cancer. However, many people view this achievement in a negative manner by blaming the doctors for ‘playing God’. They believe that creating an artificial human clone is a direct revolt against nature’s equilibrium. However, it must not be forgotten that God has assigned man the role of serving humanity in any way possible. And, I view this human clone as a promising solution to many problems. Another conservative view is; the technology available today is not advanced enough to ensure that the clone develops steadily into a disease free source of cells. The cloned sheep, Dolly developing symptoms of arthritis at a young age, has specially proved this. Nevertheless, one must be aware of the fact that it is a trial and error process which will gradually lead to more reliable

Computers in the Lives of People Essay

In modern times, technology has greatly affected how people live. The advancement of technology has brought great improvement to all sectors like business, medicine, entertainment and a lot more. It is undeniable that it has increased productivity and efficiency in how people work. One of the vital products of technology is the computer. It is very evident how computers changed the way of life. Work becomes easier with the help of the computers. Data and information can be stored easily. Large numbers can be calculated and can be accounted immediately. Instant communication is possible through electronic mails. Research is easier and faster with the help of the computer. There is also an easy access for all business transactions. Computers play a significant role in the school system as well. They help students to learn more efficiently and help them do their work. Computers offer the Internet which help students research information for projects they may have. School computers also offer programs which can help anyone learn. Computers have proven extremely beneficial to students with certain speech, audio, and motor limitations. Students with special needs can use alternative input and output devices to interact with computers and do things that they normally could not accomplish independently. Further, computers also make writing and doing homework easier to complete. With spell check and other spelling tools, it makes it easier and faster to complete work. This is because you are not spending all your time going through your homework looking for spelling mistakes, because the computer automatically does it for you, making your life easier. These are just few of the reasons why computers are very important to us. On the other hand using computers has several disadvantages. The screens destroy eyes even with a low radiation screen. Many people complain for that issue, because then they have to pay for oculists and wear glasses. And students also skip studying and got a low grade. The research project aims to know the advantages and disadvantages of computers in Health and Studies.

Long-Tеrm Plan for Black Amеrica

ThÐ µ Ð µconomic nationalism of BookÐ µr T. Washington, which rÐ µliÐ µd on businÐ µss ownÐ µrship to providÐ µ thÐ µ mÐ µans for group advancÐ µmÐ µnt, rÐ µprÐ µsÐ µnts thÐ µ classic capitalistic approach to Ð µconomic dÐ µvÐ µlopmÐ µnt. Throughout thÐ µ twÐ µntiÐ µth cÐ µntury, thÐ µrÐ µ havÐ µ bÐ µÃ µn a numbÐ µr of approachÐ µs suggÐ µstÐ µd for improving thÐ µ Ð µconomic viability of African-AmÐ µrican communitiÐ µs in thÐ µ UnitÐ µd StatÐ µs.GivÐ µn thÐ µ Ð µconomic discrimination and opprÐ µssion by institutions in thÐ µ largÐ µr sociÐ µty, many social thÐ µorists and urban Ð µconomists havÐ µ arguÐ µd that African-AmÐ µricans should usÐ µ thÐ µir sÐ µgrÐ µgatÐ µd social circumstancÐ µs to build a sÐ µparatÐ µ and autonomous Ð µconomic basÐ µ within thÐ µir own communitiÐ µs.ThÐ µ sharÐ µd Ð µxpÐ µriÐ µncÐ µ of social sÐ µgrÐ µgation, Ð µmploymÐ µnt discrimination, and minority status would providÐ µ th Ð µ rationalÐ µ for thÐ µ dÐ µvÐ µlopmÐ µnt of coopÐ µrativÐ µ Ð µntÐ µrprisÐ µs that would advancÐ µ thÐ µ Ð µconomic conditions of thÐ µ Ð µntirÐ µ black community.BusinÐ µss ownÐ µrship is sÐ µÃ µn as thÐ µ Ð µconomic Ð µnginÐ µ for thÐ µ community dÐ µvÐ µlopmÐ µnt procÐ µss. Еconomic dÐ µvÐ µlopmÐ µnt through thÐ µ promotion of Ð µntrÐ µprÐ µnÐ µurship Ð µxalts individualistic Ð µfforts and prÐ µdicts thÐ µ Ð µvÐ µntual â€Å"tricklÐ µ down† of bÐ µnÐ µfits from thÐ µ capitalists to thÐ µ workÐ µrs.Washington assumÐ µd that sincÐ µ Ð µntrÐ µprÐ µnÐ µurship has workÐ µd succÐ µssfully for many othÐ µr AmÐ µricans by bringing Ð µconomic and social advancÐ µmÐ µnt, it should do thÐ µ samÐ µ for African-AmÐ µricans.ЕntrÐ µprÐ µnÐ µurship is assumÐ µd to havÐ µ immÐ µnsÐ µ powÐ µrs. Еconomist Sol Ahiarah, a lattÐ µr-day proponÐ µnt of Washington's Ð µconomic philosophy, arguÐ µd that â⠂¬Å"by owning [businÐ µssÐ µs] and . . . controlling thÐ µir mÐ µans of livÐ µlihood blacks can solvÐ µ most of thÐ µir own problÐ µms and Ð µvÐ µn bÐ µ immunizÐ µd against racism† [Ahiarah 1993, 18].BusinÐ µss ownÐ µrship was promotÐ µd as thÐ µ mÐ µans for community rÐ µvitalization. For mÐ µ as for young black man thÐ µ plan has bÐ µÃ µn an attractivÐ µ onÐ µ bÐ µcausÐ µ it corrÐ µsponds with thÐ µ prÐ µvailing capitalistic Ð µthos in AmÐ µrican sociÐ µty. Many policymakÐ µrs havÐ µ bÐ µÃ µn so pÐ µrsistÐ µnt in thÐ µir rÐ µliancÐ µ on Ð µntrÐ µprÐ µnÐ µurship that altÐ µrnativÐ µ approachÐ µs wÐ µrÐ µ rarÐ µly considÐ µrÐ µd.Washington's Ð µconomic dÐ µvÐ µlopmÐ µnt proposals wÐ µrÐ µ a rÐ µsponsÐ µ to thÐ µ lÐ µgal sÐ µgrÐ µgation of that Ð µra. HÐ µ promotÐ µd appÐ µasÐ µmÐ µnt and political accommodation-thÐ µsÐ µ wÐ µrÐ µ thÐ µ hallmarks of his idÐ µological position. His ovÐ µrall objÐ µcti vÐ µ was sÐ µlf-sufficiÐ µncy, and hÐ µ was considÐ µrÐ µd thÐ µ lÐ µading advocatÐ µ of Ð µconomic nationalism in thÐ µ black community [ButlÐ µr 1985, 65].To Washington, thÐ µ dÐ µvÐ µlopmÐ µnt of black Ð µntrÐ µprÐ µnÐ µurship within thÐ µ confinÐ µs of thÐ µ sÐ µgrÐ µgatÐ µd black community was thÐ µ most viablÐ µ routÐ µ to Ð µconomic stability and Ð µquality. ThÐ µ Ð µconomic dÐ µvÐ µlopmÐ µnt of thÐ µ black community would bÐ µ proof to thÐ µ dominant whitÐ µ sociÐ µty that African-AmÐ µricans wÐ µrÐ µ Ð µqual [Blair 1977, 10].ThÐ µ Washington approach and thÐ µ Mondragon sharÐ µ only two common charactÐ µristics. First, both wÐ µrÐ µ dÐ µsignÐ µd to sÐ µrvÐ µ an Ð µthnically opprÐ µssÐ µd pÐ µoplÐ µ. SÐ µcond, Ð µach is toutÐ µd as a mÐ µans for achiÐ µving group advancÐ µmÐ µnt. UnlikÐ µ thÐ µ Mondragon, which makÐ µs social dÐ µvÐ µlopmÐ µnt Ð µssÐ µntial to Ð µconomic dÐ µvÐ µlopmÐ µnt, Washing ton's Ð µntrÐ µprÐ µnÐ µurial focus was only implicitly tiÐ µd to broadÐ µr social concÐ µrns such as group advancÐ µmÐ µnt.To Washington, thÐ µ primary issuÐ µ was individual Ð µconomic advancÐ µmÐ µnt. Еquality, and indÐ µÃ µd indÐ µpÐ µndÐ µncÐ µ, would bÐ µ achiÐ µvÐ µd as individual blacks provÐ µd thÐ µir ability to survivÐ µ in thÐ µ AmÐ µrican capitalist Ð µnvironmÐ µnt. Washington bÐ µliÐ µvÐ µd that blacks would achiÐ µvÐ µ thÐ µir civil rights only aftÐ µr thÐ µy had Ð µstablishÐ µd an Ð µconomic basÐ µ [Thornburgh 1969, 11].Washington's Ð µntrÐ µprÐ µnÐ µurial focus bÐ µnÐ µfittÐ µd a small group of individuals. ThÐ µ propÐ µnsity to bÐ µ Ð µlitist contrasts with thÐ µ intÐ µntions of thÐ µ foundÐ µrs of Mondragon, who wÐ µrÐ µ distrustful of Ð µlitÐ µ control. UnfortunatÐ µly, Washington's Ð µlitist approach rÐ µducÐ µs thÐ µ positivÐ µ impact that businÐ µss dÐ µvÐ µlopmÐ µnt can havÐ µ on thÐ µ widÐ µr community and thÐ µ likÐ µlihood of group advancÐ µmÐ µnt [WallacÐ µ 1993, 46].In his analysis of Washington's Ð µconomic program, social thÐ µorist Harold CrusÐ µ concludÐ µd that this approach â€Å"would not havÐ µ gonÐ µ vÐ µry far in allÐ µviating thÐ µ Ð µconomic disabilitiÐ µs of thÐ µ black rank and filÐ µ in thÐ µ industrial, agricultural, and sÐ µrvicÐ µ sÐ µctors† [CrusÐ µ 1987, 92].As an Ð µconomic dÐ µvÐ µlopmÐ µnt stratÐ µgy for thÐ µ black community, Ð µntrÐ µprÐ µnÐ µurship is a simplistic approach. It focusÐ µd solÐ µly on Ð µconomic issuÐ µs, whilÐ µ thÐ µ othÐ µr conditions Ð µndurÐ µd by blacks wÐ µrÐ µ to bÐ µ gradually attÐ µndÐ µd to through thÐ µ procÐ µss of tricklÐ µ down.Many othÐ µr Ð µthnic groups in thÐ µ UnitÐ µd StatÐ µs wÐ µrÐ µ ablÐ µ to bÐ µcomÐ µ sÐ µlf-sufficiÐ µnt bÐ µcausÐ µ thÐ µy could conduct businÐ µss within and outsidÐ µ thÐ µir immÐ µdiatÐ µ nÐ µigh borhoods and communitiÐ µs.HowÐ µvÐ µr, thÐ µ opportunity for Ð µxpansion is not availablÐ µ to black businÐ µssÐ µs. LÐ µgally sanctionÐ µd discrimination forcÐ µd black Ð µntrÐ µprÐ µnÐ µurs to takÐ µ an â€Å"Ð µconomic dÐ µtour,† around thÐ µ possibility of conducting businÐ µss bÐ µyond thÐ µir own communitiÐ µs. This dÐ µtour sÐ µriously limitÐ µd thÐ µ potÐ µntial dÐ µvÐ µlopmÐ µnt of black businÐ µssÐ µs and Ð µntrÐ µprÐ µnÐ µurship [ButlÐ µr 1985].In thÐ µ Crisis magazinÐ µ, W.C. MatnÐ µy madÐ µ this important obsÐ µrvation: Into this [frÐ µÃ µ Ð µntÐ µrprisÐ µ systÐ µm], wÐ µ find thÐ µ NÐ µgro first introducÐ µd as a slavÐ µ and dÐ µmÐ µd all rights.Today hÐ µ is a slavÐ µ of thÐ µ industrial and commÐ µrcial ordÐ µr by virtuÐ µ of thÐ µ industrial and commÐ µrcial rÐ µstrictions and dÐ µnials imposÐ µd upon him. HÐ µ livÐ µs in a compÐ µtitivÐ µ agÐ µ but must not compÐ µtÐ µ in a compÐ µti tivÐ µ markÐ µt [1930, 11].ThÐ µ problÐ µms of thÐ µ black community arÐ µ not mÐ µrÐ µly Ð µconomic as thÐ µ Ð µntrÐ µprÐ µnÐ µurial policy prÐ µsupposÐ µs. ThÐ µsÐ µ dilÐ µmmas rÐ µquirÐ µ comprÐ µhÐ µnsivÐ µ solutions.Tabb concludÐ µd that CDCs would not attain thÐ µ collÐ µctivÐ µ goal of community rÐ µvival bÐ µcausÐ µ thÐ µ stratÐ µgy callÐ µd for thÐ µ support of black Ð µntrÐ µprÐ µnÐ µurs who opÐ µratÐ µd for pÐ µrsonal profits.ThÐ µ failurÐ µ of many CDCs to fostÐ µr Ð µconomic advancÐ µmÐ µnt for urban blacks again dÐ µmonstratÐ µd thÐ µ inhÐ µrÐ µnt wÐ µaknÐ µss in black capitalistic vÐ µnturÐ µs as vÐ µhiclÐ µs of community dÐ µvÐ µlopmÐ µnt.Marcus GarvÐ µy's UnivÐ µrsal NÐ µgro ImprovÐ µmÐ µnt Association (UNIA) producÐ µd an altÐ µrnativÐ µ coopÐ µrativÐ µ modÐ µl for black community dÐ µvÐ µlopmÐ µnt that has also bÐ µÃ µn utilizÐ µd by othÐ µr groups including thÐ µ Nation of Islam and many black rÐ µligious dÐ µnominations. It sharÐ µs many charactÐ µristics with thÐ µ Mondragon.Although nÐ µvÐ µr fully rÐ µalizÐ µd, GarvÐ µy's stratÐ µgy Ð µnvisionÐ µd thÐ µ collÐ µctivÐ µ Ð µconomic advancÐ µmÐ µnt of African pÐ µoplÐ µs throughout thÐ µ world [A. GarvÐ µy 1967, 127].

Gavin Case Study

Gavin Case Study Big Five Personality Traits Research in personality has indentified five personality dimensions. The first one is extraversion. This is the ability to have a wide social presence. People with this trait are sociable, assertive and talkative. The second trait is agreeableness. This refers to pro-social behaviour. A person with this trait is kind, affectionate and has a high sense of integrity. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Gavin Case Study specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Thirdly, there is conscientiousness. Persons with this trait are quite thoughtful when making decisions. The fourth trait is openness. A person with this trait is quite adventurous and loves taking risks. Lastly, we have neuroticism. Persons with this trait experience bouts of emotional instability. Gavin McMillan does not have all these traits. Practically, it is impossible to have all of them at the same time. However, he largely demonstrates ne uroticism. Despite the fact that he makes losses, he continues to attach himself with his goal emotionally. He lacks conscientiousness because his decision-making is a little off. However, he is open to suggestions. The latter is the most important because it allows him to succeed as an entrepreneur. It also complements other traits or lack of them. Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation Extrinsic motivation derives from external pressure. This pressure comes off as coercion or a promise. On the other hand, intrinsic motivation derives from ownership and enjoyment of a task. People with this motivation do not need promises or coercions to perform their tasks. From the case, I think Gavin is intrinsically motivated. He tries and fails many times but continues to push for ownership of a Flair Bartending Franchise. Owning a franchise is also his initiative. Goal Setting Gavin wants to own a yacht with a helicopter on it. This may seem a farfetched goal but Gavin has the ability to achieve it. From Vroom’s Expectancy Theory, operant conditioning is the factor at play to motivate a person. This means that setting a goal and working towards it motivates a person. The reward he will get upon accomplishment of the goal motivates Gavin. In this case, it is a yacht. Secondly, goal setting acts as a point of reference. Gavin will keep on referring to what he wants to achieve. Perhaps he will design a format with stages to follow in achieving this. Every stage acts as a motivating factor to go to the next one. Recommendations on Goal Setting From the case above, it is explicit that Gavin has a huge problem when it comes to setting realizable goals. Initially, he would make losses and continue investing in a project that was clearly failing. He would pursue too many projects at the same time. This was the Achilles Heel in his ambition. Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF L earn More Therefore, it would be more reasonable if Gavin hires a Project Manager. This person will look into the various projects at hand and carry out an analysis of the most viable ones. This will drastically reduce the costs associated with botched projects. It will also save time. Gavin’s goals are also long-term in nature. He leaves no space for short-term goals, which motivate a person. For example, he does not state what he wants to do before owning a franchise. Additionally he does not set a short-term goal, which will lead him to own a yacht. Therefore, he should embrace short-term goals as motivating factor to achieve the long-term ones.

Ethereal

Ethereal Ethereal Ethereal By Maeve Maddox A letter to the editor written by an environmentalist contains this use of the adjective ethereal: Contaminated air and water and ethereal space apparently are of no concern [to capitalists]. Here ethereal seems to refer to the physical area above the earth, what I might call â€Å"the atmosphere.† Referring to â€Å"ethereal space† in this context is not, strictly speaking, incorrect. The â€Å"ethereal realm† is the area above the clouds, but the adjective is closely associated with the supernatural. In general usage, it usually refers to heaven or to creatures or things that are otherworldly: Several belief systems include ethereal beings such as ghosts,  mythological  entities,  nature spirits,  angels,  thought-forms, [and] jinns. Note: Chemists use ethereal with the meaning, â€Å"characteristic of, or resembling diethyl ether.† In general usage, however, ethereal is rarely used in a literal sense to describe things in the physical universe. As an adjective to describe people or objects, ethereal means, â€Å"spiritual, non-physical, or abstract in nature; supernatural; incorporeal; nebulous.† It also means, â€Å"of a lightness, delicacy, or refinement that does not appear to belong to this world; otherworldly.† Here are some examples these uses of ethereal: Fog surrounds a frozen volcano in this ethereal photograph. The ethereal beauty and benefits of snow Flowing organza gives this A-line wedding dress an  ethereal look. Grams brother used to tease her when she complained. Oh youre so frail, so fragile, so ethereal, hed say. Audrey [Hepburn] was meek, gentle and ethereal, understated both in her life and in her work.   Here are some synonyms for ethereal in its various senses: heavenly celestial unearthly delicate exquisite dainty graceful fragile airy Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:36 Adjectives Describing LightWork of Art TitlesNominalized Verbs

Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 35

Essay Example Comprehensive job descriptions provide the main characteristics of the given position and clarify what expectations the employee should have again his job. Role perception is an association aiding both the manager and the employee in presenting and advertising the job position. For example, when hiring an IT specialist managers need to understand the key tasks and what skills are required by the applicant to accomplish the job in the most effective way. The role perception of the best candidate for the IT department requires having technical background. Even if the company provides initial training, the candidate must ensure that his role perception of IT specialist matches this of the Human Resources. IT specialist should be familiar with server administration, network programs and database administration. Also he has to have knowledge in operational software, data analysis and implementation of certain, internal company programs. Thus, making a job description easily understandable and keeping adequate feedback for a position is of crucial importance for ensuring the candidate’s understanding of what role he plays within the company. The best way to utilize the stereotyping ideas in enhancing the organizational behaviour is to employ the idea of positive organizational behaviour. This has direct implications for the success of a business. The key outcome of positive organizational behaviour is that it engages the employees to have a better understanding of the relationship between work and their personal happiness. In broader sense the stereotyping idea of enhancing the organizational behaviour makes the company flourish. Positivity at the work place helps to accomplish one’s purpose of life. Undoubtedly, working conditions inspire employees to engage more actively in the working processes. Imagine a customer service representative, who takes responsibility to deal with

Strategic Management Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Strategic Management - Case Study Example Inaugurated in 1999, the company’s 16 years of existence has proved remarkably beneficial in the global energy mix, crafting ultra-modern ideas that have contributed to resolving present day energy needs such as supply reliability, fuel cost volatility and overall conserving the earths scarce natural resources and fossil fuels with its exclusive cadmium telluride (CdTe) film technology, successfully achieving the undermost leveled cost of electricity (LCOE) in the entire industry. They also extraordinarily lowered manufacturing costs to the bare minimum i.e. less than a dollar per watt, another record breaker, and a new goal limit set for capital efficiency. (Citation, year) This success, although seen to only further excel, faced new rivalries in 2011, hence leading to the gradual decline of their electric empire in the solar module industry. Specializing in the production of crystal silicon (c-Si), these emergent companies such as Trina, Yingli and Suntech raced to not only reach but overcome these newly set standards, rapidly reducing overall manufacturing costs and increasing output. In 2013, Suntech replaced First Solar acclaiming the number one position of modules worldwide. Several strategic issues had surfaced due to which First Solar led to its downfall. Of the two major reasons, the first is that these new entrants began selling crystalline-silicon solar panels for less than a dollar, creating a price clash. Secondly, the silicon solar panels proved more efficient than the thin-filmed cadmium-telluride solar panels hence consumers preferred the newer products over theirs as they were getting better quality and reliability for the same price. Although a major part of their profits were accumulated from their solar power plants and installation, these low budgeted and better quality Chinese panels forced

Sainsbury Resourcing strategy Literature review

Sainsbury Resourcing strategy - Literature review Example Out of these, 32% are on full-time, and 68% are part time. Additionally, 60% of its workers are women, indicating an impartiality of opportunity. Sainsbury’s values deliver the outline of how business is carried out in the organization. They direct all the activities the organization does from important corporate decisions to everyday activities. According to J Sainsbury’s Plc. (2015), the values of Sainsbury are aimed at making a difference to the society by improving its facilities. Secondly, Sainsbury makes sure that its activities respect every employee and individual within the organization. Thirdly, is sourcing with integrity, the company seeks to be honest in all its activities so that customers can have trust in them. Additionally, the company aims at providing healthy, tasty, fresh, and safe food to its consumers that will assist them to live a healthy life every day. Lastly is ensuring that their workplaces are a great place for employees to work so that they can be capable of offering efficient services to the consumers. Sainsbury has a long-term and clear strategy to deliver their vision of becoming the most trusted vendors where individuals love to shop and work. The business priorities of the organization are aimed at making Sainsbury better again, which is the main concern of the organization and emphasis of their business strategies. Sainsbury’s attempts to get feedback from colleagues and customers and then use the data to relate the products existing in the stores and recognize what is the method of delivery to consumers and what obstacles or issues must be fixed (Joseph 2012). Sainsbury is dedicated to dealing with the fundamentals that can aid to improve the services by becoming greater every day to accomplish the objectives. Their main agenda was to reconstructing universal consumer appeal by providing the customers with an enriched shopping experience. This means

Social Influences on the Individual

Social Influences on the Individual Explaining social influences on an individual, using sociological theories Albi is a 7 year old boy whom gradually developed genetic abnormality of deafness. When Albi could not hear completely, his behaviour have changed dramatically and doesnt want to interact with other childrens anymore. Albis family arent the riches, they could just afford their needs however it didnt affect Albi as much. The love he receives from his family was enough. In Ians note, structural theory suggest we are influenced in our behaviour and actions by society and adopt a macro approach. The macro level have an impact on the way Albi is treated by classmates or even when he is out for dinner with his family. Staff doesnt put in the effort to communicate with Albi and tends to ignore him which makes him feel like he does not exist. This have led to the conflict theory. Parents teaches their childrens of the norms however they can pick up bad habits while they are in school. He is being bullied because of his condition and he is isolated from other childrens as they see this as unn atural and abnormal. The troubling of it is that Albi is constantly in a fight which his parents are very worried. Due to the conflict between Albi and his classmates he feels unwanted and would rather stay at home. He has distanced himself from his friends which caused him not having any friends anymore. Another structural theory that is link to Albis change of behaviour is the symbolic theory. Childrens misuse of words such as deaf can you hear me or you cant hear, you must be stupid affects Albi emotionally, which he feels down and worthless. In Albis case this is very hard for him to cope as he is only a child, he wouldnt be able to understand the situation and his actions is uncontrollable. This can be difficult for his parents to manage as he might become disobedient. This can have an effect on him when he grows up, he will repeat these phrases to himself and can have a negative result later on his life. Once Albi starts attending the community centre for the deaf his private troubles will eventually improve. Everything will be new his life style will change and he will have to adjust, it may take a while for him to progress however he will get there in the end with the right kind of support from his loved ones. As human beings we strives to seek for new motivation therefor this will help him. Albi should be able to cope and learn quickly as his parents will be there to support him all the way through.ÂÂ   He will meet new people who has the same condition as him which will have a positive effect on him emotionally and make him realise that he is not alone in this battle. This will also help him to realise that being different from other childrens is ok. He will feel sense of belonging and understanding of his situation. He will feel wanted as he is in the same group of people and also because he will be part of the group activities or playing with someone without getting judge d. He will be trying to improve himself to fit back in with society with the support of staff, family and his new friends. This can improve the way he thinks of the world and his future. He is more likely to proceed in education which will have a good impact later on in his life. Albi is more likely to succeed in life and will be determined to success. The possibility of Albi not letting his condition get in the way of success is very high with the help from people who is important to him and the acceptance from others that he will receive as he grows older. To improve Albis life chances, the media could increase the advertisement about deafness. Making it clear to everyone that their situation is difficult and by saying or doing negative stuff towards them wont make things better. Perhaps making up a cartoon series about someone being deaf and treating them in the right manners could help children understand better. Making them feel that they belong with society can prevent horrible things that they can possible do to themselves. The schools can also help by teaching childrens that not everyone is born perfect and that they should still accept them for who they are. Schools can do group activities where they will get to experience how difficult it is not being able to hear so they will be able to understand and will unlikely treat their classmates in a disrespectful manner. Teachers can help by teaching the students to treat others the way they would like to be treated. In college we can create a power point all about deafness and how i t is important to respect them and that they should be treated the same. I could then present my presentation to different schools so they can have a better understanding of what deaf people have to go through each day as this can have a bad impact on themselves. For some they would like to end their life as people feeds them with negativity which does not help as they are already struggling and we are making no effort on how we could help rather us focus on how we can make them feel horrible about their self instead.

My First Memories - Original Writing :: Papers

My First Memories - Original Writing "Come on! Hurry up you're going to be on any minute!" She yelled as she belted down the corridor holding my hand and somebody else's. I remember being dragged along like a child's limp rag-doll, bounding side to side. I was ushered into the darkened, suffocating hall filled with row upon row of chairs, where all the people would come in and scrutinize every move I was about to make. And as I continued walking, it all struck me. I don't want to be in here! I didn't want to be in this dumb play. I never even wanted to be in the play in the first place! I wasn't given any choice as to whether I wanted to be in it. From the beginning it was just as if, "you're in the play whether you like it or not!" but was never asked. I was forced to go along with it. The costume I wore trailed along behind me. It was way too large for me but I still had to wear it. I had to now and again gather up the muddy coloured, threadbare costume so that I would not trip over it. I reluctantly approached the parting in the mass of chairs, which led up on to the stage. The slight murmur of people talking slowly turned into silence as everyone turned to look at me. I took a peak at them and momentarily froze but then was nudged along by my teacher, by now whom I hated. I nearly got to the stage without any glitches. I was just about there! I started to walk more briskly towards the stage. But then, just as my stage fright had disappeared, I forgot to gather up my costume! It gathered around my feet like a rope trying to trap me. I tumbled to the floor like a sack of potatoes, and worse still a sack of potatoes that was being watched by loads of people. I had to get up! I carried on walking. It felt as if everyone was in

Fashion theory -roland barth

Roland Farther and the End of the Nineteenth Century Roland Farther was a French philosopher, linguistic, critic and theorist. He was also the first begins systematically to think through the intellectual changes in the study of fashion and clothes. His fashion theory has a close relationship to his structuralism and linguistic knowledge, and defined fashion, clothes their origins and functions within the system. First of all, Farther saw fashion as a whole system. Based on the article, system has been defined as ‘a group or set of related materials or immaterial things forming a unity or complex whole.Fashion as a sort of system, has the features of that parts cannot be explained without interpreting the relationship to the whole system. Also, fashion is should be explained by other dimensions in the society too, such as social facts, and so on. So, he summarized the thoughts like fashion system is the totality of social relations and activities that are required for fashion t o come into existence'. He pointed out the systematic society relies on structured human activities, and human economic activities can be divided in three dimensions: Production, strutting and consumption.Respectively, he divided ‘garments' in three dimensions based on the theory: firstly, ‘real garments', which corresponds to the dimension of production; ‘represented garments', corresponds to the dimension of distribution; ‘used garments', relates to the dimension of consumption. So, fashionable garments are not belong to the real garments, instead they are representative garments since they are in the realm of distribution that producers want to ensure that the garments are satisfied the demand of consumers.Followed y the explanation, the chapter focused on the introduction of the three dimensions of garments. Real clothes, which arises to indicate the modality clothing assumes before it is translated into the garment of representation. They do not represen t anything, so Farther defined the real clothes as an object like a prototype. The represented garments can be separated into image clothing and written clothing, which belongs to two systems: system of image and the system of language. He took the example of a fashion magazine that uses each of the two systems to descriptor a cushion garment.He concluded that language is a more powerful system because it more readily renders the physical substance of the ‘real garment' into a set of common, abstract signifier. In addition, image and language has different functions. According to Farther, image clothing provides the potential users with a stencil of the real garment and inflects there traces of real garments in an aesthetic direction while language translated the garments into a system of abstract and intellective meaning and it is closer to the nature of true fashionable garments'.In the other word, loathes have more similarities with language than image, because they are two models of communication. His thoughts included a lot of philosophies from formal chapters, which discuss clothes through sociology and history. Farther admits that clothing is a social phenomenon and seen as a set of garments that have acquired their present for, because of their past. It is also notable that Farther not agreed with the idea that the origin of clothes is decoration. He thoughts this question should be explained from the aspects of systematic.Farther thoughts was highly structured eased on his field. Also, he emphasized the function of language probably because his study on linguistic. It is interesting that in this article I saw more about his structuralism theories from the example of clothing. Highlights of the Article Farther who first begins systematically to think through the intellectual changes that would eventually amount to a ‘paradigm change' in the study of clothes and fashion. Breather's reputation as a fashion thinker' rests mainly upon the docto rate that never was, The Fashion System.The books opening section titled ‘Introduction: Method' is a impressive and lucid demonstration of his methodological approach to the question What is fashion?. System, defined as ‘a group or set of related or associated material or immaterial things forming a unity or complex whole', lay at the heart of the revolution that swept through French intellectual life after the Second World War and one which has come to be known by the generic term ‘structuralism'. ‘System', ‘structure' and totality are all closely related terms intended to signify.They (structuralisms) insist that the whole and the parts can be properly explained only in arms of the relations that exist between the parts. The key assumption at work is the idea that any social fact', such as fashion, should not be regarded as something having a singular identity. The central thrust of the idea of ‘system' is to carefully sort out the differential components of fashion and then see how the complex network of relationships' can Join together these different dimensions into a dynamic whole. Systematic is the process of bringing together different elements into relationships of mutual dependency.The fashion system is the totality of social relations and activities that are required for fashion to come into existence. ‘System', therefore, is a way of conceiving of human existence as something in which a structured collective being precedes, and provides the foundation for, individual being, and this has steadily become a central organizing principle of Western thought. Human action is ‘structured' into patterned networks. In order that the necessities of life be secured and so ensure that social life and the life of the individual will continue, humans have to act in an organized, collective manner.Human economic activity came to be en as comprising of three dimensions. Production – what ensures that stuff gets made; Distribution – what ensures that what is made reaches the people who need it; Consumption – the ways in which what is made is used up. Farther saw the analytical possibilities of extending this model of production, distribution and consumption to social institutions other than economic ones, in particular to dimensions of social life such as art and culture. The first of these distinctions separates clothing into three garments'. These he calls the real garment', the represented garment' and the used garment'.The ‘real garment' corresponds to the dimension of production, the ‘represented garment' corresponds to the dimension of distribution, while the ‘used garment' corresponds to the dimension of consumption. The implication of this is that consumers never encounter the ‘real garment'. What they encounter is the fashionable garment, the garment that is already in the realm of representation. Breather's concept of the revised category of the real garment' arises to indicate the modality clothing assumes before it is translated into the garment of representation.The ‘real garment' is something like a ‘prototype' – that is, the object before it is named. The final distinction made by Farther is in the central category of ‘represented clothing, which he separates into ‘image-clothing and Written clothing. Language, on the other hand, Farther considers to be a ‘purer, more powerful code for the production of meaning because it more readily renders the physical substance of the ‘real garment' into a set of common, abstract signifier. It is clear that image-clothing and written clothing have different functions within representation.Image-clothing provides the potential user with a ‘stencil' of the real garment and, at the same time, inflects these traces of the real garment in an aesthetic direction. Material stuff is being turned into language. The garment is being transl ated into a system of abstract, intellective meanings and it is this final modality of the garment that Farther sees as the true fashionable garment'. In other words, clothing is a social phenomenon. By this he meaner the tendency among previous writers to regard not Just clothes, but social life in general, as a collection of individual traits', each with its own evolutionary pathway into the present.Clothing, in this model, is seen as a set of garments that have acquired their present form because of their past. Farther rejects the conclusion that it is decoration which is the chief motive for clothing. The tendency of all bodily covering to insert itself into an organized, formal and normative system, which is recognized by society. If we are set on explaining the origins of clothing, we have to include in that explanation an account of the coming into being of that aspect of the phenomenon that is collective, organized, formal and normative.Clothing seems to resemble language in a number of ways. Like language, clothing was pre-eminently a collective activity. His final move was of a more general nature and this was to categorize clothes as a mode of communication. Clothes are always a combination of a specific signifier and a general signified that is external to it (epoch, country, social class). The most influential of Brander's methodological advances is his separation of the historical time continuum into three distinct sorts of durations. Clothing does not ‘reflect' anything but it may react in its own way to an external disturbance.