Vital Pieces of Social Issues to Write an Essay on

Vital Pieces of Social Issues to Write an Essay on Failing to plan an exit strategy is merely a single approach to sabotage your company. Grants are an essential part of running a nonprofit, but they aren't a legitimate argument for picking nonprofit status on a for-profit company. It's inportant to observe that you're able to affect and change any sort of media too, and societal networks aren't an exception. Social networking is just a way to network and utilize word of mouth, online. As an issue of fact, social media plays a massive part in the general advertisement and set up of the company. They is really picking up speed, more and more are realizing the benefits of connecting and interacting with customers and potential customers. What Is So Fascinating About Social Issues to Write an Essay on? Unless, on the flip side, the introduction is an organic portion of the post, it fails of its objective. There are social problems that haunt the education system. Generally, social science research, a scientific research, applies similar research methodologies the very same as other varieties of research like marketing research that is inherent with both quantitative strategy and qualitative strategy, clinical research that's emphasized on specific areas li ke pharmaceutical, chemical, health care research, and so forth. After all, social media has come to be an entirely incorporated system comprising a two-way stream of implementation and feedback. Basically, you've got to look for keywords. Write short and precise is our principal motto when writing the majority of the content. Consistency is crucial to generate much better results. For instance, if you're writing an essay on How Global Warming can be decreased, it'll be an excellent idea you take a minute to define what global warming is about in your introductory paragraph. The introduction or the introductory paragraph is quite a relevant facet of your essay due to the simple fact it states the principal idea of your composition. Addressing someone incorrectly will set a negative shadow over the rest of your letter. First things first, You will want to choose what type of information to have in your disclaimer. All the words will make sense in the sentences, or so the class will have to determine which answer they feel is the very best. Readers' likelihood to read the entire letter is dependent on the very first few lines. Whether it concerns the beginning of a Business letter or an informal letter, there are a couple things which you should know. Choosing Good Social Issues to Write an Essay on The cost of an essay is dependent upon the quantity of effort the writer has to exert. You've probably heard that writing articles is a significant way to promote your company. Research before you compose the essay. Before you're prepared to go public with your essay you may want to demonstrate your work to a couple of your buddies. Social Issues to Write an Essay on - the Story You check out their business Fanpage, and get started reading their tips and data about chiropractics and their small business. Customer service Customers have begun employing the social networking platform for a point of interaction with a business enterprise. If you would like to enhance your organization, you must begin with your managers. In case the business is unavailable, customers can't express their valuable experiences which impede the development of the goods. Social Issues to Write an Essay on As a consequence, once a person is labeled as deviant they could possibly be rejected by social groups like family and friends, ultimately resulting in further deviant acts. Spending just thirty minutes per day on at least one of the next steps will move you toward your target. The person is likely to forget some points. Your response should handle every one of your youngster's areas of interest and strength. Moreover, child labour isn't the demand of the society also. Generally, a society usually means a huge group of folks dwelling in a place or within a country below the control of same laws, values and culture. As per a survey by International Labour Organization, if every child throughout the world becomes proper education, it will raise the world's total income, and therefore, help to enhance the economy of each nation and make it an excellent place to reside. Many children all around the world start earning at the age which is in fact intended to play, study and learn. The writing of a disclaimer can be a tough job for somebody who has never written one before, therefore I will supply you with a succinct guide which you could use and follow. A legal statement is something which you might need to speak to a lawyer about. As its name suggests, the conclusion is where you're going to conclude. Failure to spot the appropriate emotions between people interacting in all elements of life can result in misunderstandings and conflict. In the background, there's a sample of Beethoven's Fur Elise, which sounds like it's being played by means of a novice pianist. The important thing is to make sure that when your kid is practicing, he's practicing writing letters CORRECTLY.

American Immigration Policy And Immigrants - 2232 Words

American Immigration Policy and Immigrants since 1882 Years after years, flows of people immigrating to the United States have been raising up steadily, with the aim of pursuing the American dream, the dream of seeking prosperity and success in an equal society. Before 1882, the U.S had no immigration policy, in which the new comers could settle permanent inhabitants within America. After that period of time, the formidable numbers of arrivals had turned the attitudes of native government toward the effect of foreign dwellers on American life in which restriction policy on immigration has been unleashed. From 1882 to 1924, the immigration doors were slowly closed, beginning with the Chinese Exclusion Act on May 6, 1882 that prohibiting all immigration of Chinese laborers. Then, the fuel from the Nativism of Immigration Restriction League as well as the consequences of the WWI and effects from the First Red Scare have helped ratifying the 1921 Immigration Act that limited annual numbe r of immigrants from certain countries. Not only European and Asian immigrants were affected but Latin Americans were also influenced by the immigration policy as well as the Great Depression within the United States, and Mexican immigrants during 1930s were a great example. However, the doors were quite opened again with the end of quota system in 1965 that based on families reunification and skilled labors attraction. Following the terrorist event of 9/11, the immigration doors haveShow MoreRelatedGuarding The Golden Door : American Immigration Policy And Immigrants948 Words   |  4 PagesGuarding the Golden Door: American Immigration Policy and Immigrants Since 1882 -By Roger Daniels Guarding the Golden Door by Roger Daniels provides an overall clarification of the immigration system in the United States throughout the past and in latest policies. Ever since 1882, America claimed that the settlement objective was to prevent it from occurring, although it permitted the complete opposite. Thus, the single factual policy that has been realistic to American immigration is that it is on aRead MoreImmigration : The Fundamental Aspect Of American Growth1395 Words   |  6 Pages Immigration: The Fundamental Aspect of American Growth Luis Herrera First Period AP Government February 19, 2015 â€Æ' Immigration: The Fundamental Aspect of American Growth All great empires in history have been rooted in a specific, defining set of characteristics, traditions, values, and perspectives that fuel society towards unity and comradery. This central set of practices and perspectives evolves with along with the people it pertains to and creates a culture that effects all aspects of theRead MoreUnderstanding Americans Perspective Toward Immigration Essay1362 Words   |  6 PagesUnderstanding Americans’ Perspective toward Immigration Introduction It is no astonishingly to observe that the American population has increased enormously in the last fifteen years. Nevertheless, the massive population growth has occurred due to the arrival of immigrants at a large scale. The Pew Hispanic Center published that from 2005 to 2015, immigrants and their offspring born in the America contributed 45 percent to its total population growth. Within this group of immigrants, Latino immigrants constitutedRead MoreImmigration As An Ethical Issue1148 Words   |  5 PagesIMMIGRATION AS AN ETHICAL ISSUE 2 Immigration as an ethical dilemma has attracted decades of debate. It is an ethical issue that has not found a solution, and it does not appear that it will find one soon. Immigration debates may look interesting but the two antagonistic groups: those who support immigrant and those who oppose them seem to score equally with no solution (Kourtsounis, 2014). The groups that oppose immigration have strongly accused the government for allowing its borders to remainRead MoreEssay on Immigration Reform1145 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"We are nation of immigrants. Some came here willingly, some unwillingly. Nonetheless, we are immigrants, or the descendants of immigrants, one, and all. Even the natives came from somewhere else, originally. All of the people who come to this country come for freedom, or for some product of that extraordinary, illusory condition. That is what we offer here—freedom and opportunity in a land of relative plenty.† (Middletown Journal 2005) We have created the land of free. Nonetheless, thereRead MoreThe Immigration Act Of 19241399 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout history, immigration has remained a complex and influential piece of presidential policy—from the Age of Mass Migration, which led to the Immigration Act of 1924, to present day policy, which may result in the construction of a border wall. The debate on immigration remains contentious, inspiring emotional and empirical arguments by politicians and the public alike. Many of these aspects are discussed and defined within Abramitzky, Boustan, and Eriksson’s paper â€Å"A Nation of Immigrants: AssimilationRead MoreEssay on Guarding the Golden Door1551 Words   |  7 PagesAmerican immigration history is the story of bonded, free, and enslaved migrant labor. Immigration to a settler society advances resource extraction and economic development. Extracting agricultural products and natural resources from land can Require forced labor. Over the last 30 years the United States has been turning once again into a nation of immigrants. Roger Daniels is especially sensitive to the role of race and ethnicity in shaping American immigration policy. Daniel provides an expertRead MoreImmigration : A Nation Of Immigrants937 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"Immigration make us stronger. It keeps us vibrant. It keeps us hungry. It keeps us prosperous. It is part of what makes this such a dynamic country†-Barack Obama. Throughout America’s history, immigrants have been a pivotal aspect on its economy and culture. America has always been a nation of immigrants, in fact during 1881 to 1920 nearly 23.5 million immigrants were welcomed by the American government with open arms. However, this phase ended when the U.S. government decided to put a limit onRead MoreImmigration Problem Of Illegal Immigration1530 Words   |  7 Pagesproblems is that of illegal immigration. Recently, the country has been made aware that its illegal immigration problem that it is working so hard to correct, is frankly failing. To date, it has seemingly not done its best to correct the issue though. America must fix the major problem of illegal immigration before it becomes too out of hand. The existing American immigration policies fail at regulating immigration from the Mexican border due to the large amount of immigrants in America, that MexicansRead More History of Latino/a Immigration to the U.S. Essay1475 Words   |  6 Pagesholds strong for immigrants in America. Equal access to opportunities allows immigrants to achieve the American dream. Their success correlates with America’s success because of the contributions immigrants provide to America. Unfortunately, the current immigration policy in America denies many immigrants the American dream. It is crucial to understand the historical context of immigration in America. Initially, most immigrants were from Europe and were not restrict ed by any immigration laws. Now, most

Healthcare Organizational Structure Dynamic and Complex

Question: Discuss about the Healthcare Organizational Structure Dynamic and Complex. Answer: Introduction: Healthcare organizations are dynamic and complex and require the managers to play an array of roles that includes leadership, coordination and supervision of employees. The complexity and scope of the healthcare organizations are great that requires the following of an organizational strategy. The organizational structure should be so designed so as to support the management for organizing and coordinating the resources and workforce for achieving the agreed strategy, vision and mission of the organization (Carayon et al., 2014). Sydney Community Hospital (SCH) has a bureaucratic (functional) organizational structure that is functional and traditional and the management team is intended to adopt an alternative organizational structure to accommodate the growing needs of the community. This assignment will discuss and compare the existing and alternative organizational structure that can be beneficial for SCH to provide the healthcare of highest quality to the community by improving t he collaboration and communication across the interdisciplinary teams for resource utilization. SCH presently follows the bureaucratic organizational structure that has a functional and traditional hierarchical structure. This structure essentially follows a pyramidal command structure for the organization of the various work activities. It has a high degree of formality in its operational strategies and is very organized. Since SCH is a 110-bed community hospital, it has several departments like specialty care, emergency care, surgical and acute medical for serving the local community (Harper, 2015). In the bureaucratic organizations like SCH have organizational charts in each of its departments and the decision making process involves an organized process under a strict control and command structure. This makes the hospital highly efficient, fair and orderly. Advantages of this type of organizations include the fact that the top-level managers are expected to exercise greater control over the strategy decisions of the organization and this makes the decision making the time s horter as lesser people are involved in the process. Best practices and standardization are the forte of bureaucratic organizations which ensures that the work design is effective and efficient to complete the healthcare activities within the set deadline (Pauget Wald, 2013). Since SCH has a number of departments, this type of organizational structure is ideal to exert control over their activities to provide healthcare services of the highest quality. Although this organizational structure has several benefits, it also has several limitations. Bureaucratic organizational structures are known to discourage innovation and creativity in the organization since the manager alone cannot generate the strategic idea range that can be possible in an interdisciplinary and large group. Even if the manager is highly ingenious, this type of structure cannot satisfy the frontline employees in such a rigid environment that increases the rate of employee turnover (Hesselink et al., 2013). Such ri gid controls also prevent the organization to change and adapt to the ever-changing conditions in the market and therefore, the present organizational structure is not beneficial for SCH considering the current healthcare environment and the changing health needs of the population of the community. For the new health services of SCH, matrix organizational structure will be the best-suited structure for facilitating the achievement of the new mission and strategic goals of the organization. Matrix organizational structure sets up the structure of the organization in the form of matrix or grids for the reporting relationships rather than following the conventional hierarchy system (Ashkenas et al., 2015). The complexity and size of the health organization determine the type of organizational structure and since SCH is believed to include a large population of the community with its retirement villages and nursing homes, this type of organizational structure will be the best fit. Matrix organizational structure combines the product and functional structures and sets the practice of managing the individual specialties with multiple reporting lines ((Eppinger Browning, 2012). This is also referred to as the cross business group type or the cross functional management that are very much unlike the business units that are traditionally vertical. One striking characteristic of this type of organization is that the individuals with specific working skills are pooled together for working on health specialties and are controlled by multiple managers. There are specific advantages of this type of organizational structure that starts from the fact that the resource coordination becomes optimum. This type of organizational structure allows for supervisors and managers to specifically focus on their specialty domains (Goetsch Davis, 2014). Functional supervisors are endowed with the responsibility of focusing on the activities of managing, training and hiring employees in their respective healthcare domains whereas the supervisors of the individual healthcare and hospital projects can concentrate on achieving their individual and project goals to meet the mission and vision of the hospital. A comparison between the key lines of responsibility and authority between the two organizational structures will reveal the efficiency of the new structure over the previous structure for achieving the overall organizational goals. The overall strategic goal of the new organization is the development of multidisciplinary and high performing teams within the specialist services for delivering patient-centered care that is responsive and effective for the changing health needs of the community (Scott Davis, 2015). The current structure offers tight and rigid constraints, policies and procedures that are reluctant to change or adapt. Compared to this, the matrix organizational structure does not place the employees in isolated functional areas and lets them to have constant contact with the multidisciplinary teams by participating in the project teams. This lets the employees develop wider skill sets that would have not possible in a bureaucratic organizational structure. Since bureau cratic structures make the job more specialized, it tends to repeat the job activities that tend to breed dissatisfaction among the employees (Hatch Cunliffe, 2013). This tends to make the employees feel passive and helpless and they tend to be indifferent to the goals of the company without the supervisors paying attention to their concerns. On the contrary, in the matrix organizational structures, the fluidity of communication is maintained as the employees are in constant contact with each other and also with the staff members from other departments and specialties. In the bureaucratic structure, the business lacks from lack of responsibility and accountability of the management which is a serious issue in healthcare (Wilensky, 2015). However, the matrix structure involves self management of the employees and increases their decision making abilities, which is a crucial aspect in healthcare. This will certainly benefit the SCH if the employees are more responsible towards their duty and the community. Although matrix organizational structure is the commonly used structure in healthcare, it has some advantages and disadvantages that can be related to the changing environment of healthcare and the strategic goal of the new organization to achieve for the patients, carers and the community. The prime advantage of this structure is that it helps in the efficient information exchange (Butler Wilson, 2015). Various specialties work in close proximity that promotes the opportunities of frequent communication to resolve complex healthcare issues. This fastens the process of decision making and increases the productivity of the employees. This is in alignment with the strategic goal of SCH as it aims to develop high performance multidisciplinary teams with specialty services for providing responsive and effective patient centered care. A democratic leadership style is followed in the matrix organizational structure that incorporates the opinions of the team members. This account for the i nflux of valuable information for patient care and this is much in alignment with the mission of SCH that is to provide the highest quality healthcare by partnering with the community, carers and patients. This is possible only when there is a well fledged communication between the employees with their managers. The disadvantage includes the fact that it can result in the formation of internal complexities (Rothaermel, 2015). Employees tend to receive command from two or more supervisor and this makes patient care activities critical, especially during the emergency conditions. This might go against the vision statement of SCH of providing world class healthcare facilitates for the community if the staff members get confused about carrying out the orders of their superiors. Moreover, this structure is quite expensive in its maintenance as it requires double management in certain conditions which involves excess salaries that strain the resources. This will affect the strategic goal of SCH as weaker multidisciplinary teams and specialist services will be formed out of strained resources. Considering both the advantages and the disadvantages of the structure, it can be stated that the benefits of the structure are favorable for the changing healthcare environment and can aid in the strategic goal of SCH to increase the number of specialty services with the provision of community clinics. Organizational structure in the hospitals helps in the efficient management of the various specialties that helps in providing better care services in alignment with their organizational mission. Since SCH has the mission and vision of providing healthcare services of world class standards, matrix organizational structure will help the organization to achieve its strategic goals and meet its mission and vision statements. Aggregation of the departments and individuals will allow for multidisciplinary and patient centered care through well communicated and managed healthcare professionals in partnership with the patients, carers and the community. References Ashkenas, R., Ulrich, D., Jick, T., Kerr, S. (2015).The boundaryless organization: Breaking the chains of organizational structure. John Wiley Sons. Butler, R., Wilson, D. C. (2015).Managing voluntary and non-profit organizations: Strategy and structure. Routledge. Carayon, P., Wetterneck, T. B., Rivera-Rodriguez, A. J., Hundt, A. S., Hoonakker, P., Holden, R., Gurses, A. P. (2014). Human factors systems approach to healthcare quality and patient safety.Applied ergonomics,45(1), 14-25. Eppinger, S. D., Browning, T. R. (2012).Design structure matrix methods and applications. MIT press. Goetsch, D. L., Davis, S. B. (2014).Quality management for organizational excellence. pearson. Harper, C. (2015).Organizations: Structures, processes and outcomes. Routledge. Hatch, M. J., Cunliffe, A. L. (2013).Organization theory: modern, symbolic and postmodern perspectives. Oxford university press. Hesselink, G., Vernooij-Dassen, M., Pijnenborg, L., Barach, P., Gademan, P., Dudzik-Urbaniak, E., ... Schoonhoven, L. (2013). Organizational culture: an important context for addressing and improving hospital to community patient discharge.Medical care,51(1), 90-98. Pauget, B., Wald, A. (2013). Relational competence in complex temporary organizations: The case of a French hospital construction project network.International Journal of Project Management,31(2), 200-211. Rothaermel, F. T. (2015).Strategic management. McGraw-Hill. Scott, W. R., Davis, G. F. (2015).Organizations and organizing: Rational, natural and open systems perspectives. Routledge. Wilensky, H. L. (2015).Organizational intelligence: Knowledge and policy in government and industry(Vol. 19). Quid Pro Books.

The Right Moral Choice for the US in Response to Chemical Weapons attack in Syria

Introduction Some of the questions that have dominated the popular media and debates worldwide concern the situation in Syria and the question of the United States’ involvement in the ongoing events in Syria.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Right Moral Choice for the US in Response to Chemical Weapons attack in Syria specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The humanitarian situation in Syria has worsened in the past few months due to increase in the scale of violence resulting from calculated attacks on civilians. This paper presents views on the right moral decision by the United States concerning the use of chemical weapons to attack civilians in Syria. Chemical weapons attack in Syria and the US response There have been a lot of claims and arguments concerning the situation in Syria due to continued months of violence in the country. The violence has resulted in a lot of deaths and displacements. One main thing that has invigorated the debate and triggered the response from the White House is the claim that the Syrian regime, under the leadership of its incumbent President Bashar al-Assad, utilized chemical weapons to attack civilians in opposition zones. This has made President Obama stage a bill and enhance the campaign to seek support of the Congress to allow US intervention in Syria through the use of minimum violence (Frumin para. 1-2). The aim of the minimum attacks plan is to help liberate Syrians from what the United States terms as a brutal and rogue regime. However, lots of questions are posed, with most commentators questioning the moral basis on which the US wants to use minimum violence to oust the regime of Bashar al-Assad. What should be questioned is the ability of the US to carry out attacks without causing more harm to innocent civilians in Syria. This concern comes from the fact that the Syrian forces have attracted a lot of players, like Russia and Iran, who have promised to support the Syrian regime to counter the attacks if the United States stages a military intervention in Syria.Advertising Looking for essay on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Moral issues concerning the US response plan The statement that was released by the US Secretary of State, John Kerry, denoted the focus of the United States on a plan to free the citizens of Syria from the atrocities being committed by the Syrian government. Kerry said that the nature of killing innocent people that is taking place in Syria depicts a high level of moral obscenity (The New York Times para. 2). According to the New York Times (para. 3), the United States government views the attack as an incidence that goes beyond the conflict and violence in Syria. Instead, use of chemical weapons is a rogue action since the weapons are barred. The most critical moral question here concerns the perspective of the Unite d States on the use of chemical weapons in Syria. The United States sees this as a provocative act by the Syrian regime, thus the response by the US government. There is the need to take a rational stance and eliminate the politics of dominance from the matter, regardless of how much this may be considered to be a provocative act. Use of chemical weapons by any country needs to be condemned using the strongest terms possible. However, there is not much to think regarding what is best for the people if any set of interventions are likely to bring more harm than good to innocent citizens. In this regard, such interventions would be largely considered to be immoral (Moneme para. 1-3). Most of the military interventions that have been staged by the United States have resulted in further political destabilization and violence that cause more harm to innocent citizens. Examples that can be given here include Afghanistan, Vietnam and Iraq (Fitzpatrick para 7). Conclusion Most commentators have opposed the proposed military intervention in Syria. Most of the arguments come from liberals, who cite the use of military intervention as a potential cause of more violence due to counteractive forces. These can cause more harm than the supposed chemical attack by the Syrian government. Works Cited Fitzpatrick, Matthew. â€Å"Five Reasons Military Intervention in Syria is Wrong.† The Drum. 2013. Web.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Right Moral Choice for the US in Response to Chemical Weapons attack in Syria specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Frumin, Aliyah. â€Å"Liberals See no Good Choices in Syria Crisis.† NBC News. 2013. Web. Moneme, Nnamdi. â€Å"Fighting the Right Demons.† Catholic Exchange. 2013. Web. The New York Times. â€Å"Text of Kerry’s Statement on Chemical Weapons in Syria.† The New York Times. 2013. Web. This essay on The Right Moral Choice for the US in Response to Chemical Weapons attack in Syria was written and submitted by user Tristen C. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

How Racism Takes 7 Different Forms

How Racism Takes 7 Different Forms Racism refers to a variety of practices, beliefs, social relations, and phenomena that work to reproduce a racial hierarchy and social structure that yield  superiority, power, and privilege for some, and discrimination and oppression for others. It can take several forms, including representational, ideological, discursive, interactional, institutional, structural,  and systemic. Racism exists when ideas and assumptions about racial categories  are used to justify and reproduce a racial hierarchy and racially structured society that unjustly limits access to resources, rights, and privileges  on the basis of race. Racism also occurs when this kind of unjust social structure is produced by the  failure  to account for race and  its  historical  and contemporary roles in society. Contrary to a dictionary definition, racism, as defined based on social science research and theory,  is about much more than race-based prejudice- it exists when an imbalance in power and social status is generated by how we understand and act upon race. The 7 Forms of Racism Racism takes seven main forms, according to social science. Rarely does any one exist on its own. Instead, racism typically operates as a combination of at least two forms working together, simultaneously. Independently and together, these seven forms of racism work to reproduce racist ideas, racist interactions and behavior, racist practices and policies, and an overall racist social structure. Representational Racism Depictions of racial stereotypes are common in popular culture and media, like the historical tendency to cast people of color as criminals and as victims of crime rather than in other roles, or as background characters rather than as leads in film and television. Also common are racial caricatures that are racist in their representations, like â€Å"mascots† for the Cleveland Indians, Atlanta Braves, and the Washington Redskins. The power of representational racism- or racism expressed in how racial groups are represented within popular culture- is that it encapsulates a whole range of racist ideas that imply inferiority, and often stupidity and untrustworthiness, in images that circulate society and permeate our culture. While those not directly harmed by representational racism might not take it seriously, the presence of such images and our interaction with them on a near-constant basis helps to keep alive the racist ideas attached to them. Ideological Racism Ideology is a word that sociologists use to refer to the world views, beliefs, and common sense ways of thinking that are normal in a society or culture. So, ideological racism is a kind of racism that colors and manifests in those things. It refers to world views, beliefs, and common sense ideas that are rooted in racial stereotypes and biases. A troubling example is the fact that many people in American society, regardless of their race, believe that  white and light skinned people are more intelligent than dark-skinned people and superior in a variety of other ways. Historically, this particular form of ideological racism supported and justified the building of European colonial empires and U.S. imperialism through the unjust acquisition of land, people, and resources around the world. Today, some common ideological forms of racism include the belief that Black women are sexually promiscuous, that Latina women are â€Å"fiery† or â€Å"hot-tempered,† and that black men and boys are criminally oriented. This form of racism has a negative impact on people of color as a whole because it works to deny them access to and/or success within education and the professional world, and subjects them to heightened police surveillance, harassment, and violence, among other negative outcomes. Discursive Racism Racism is often expressed linguistically, in the discourse we use to talk about the world and people in it. This kind of racism is expressed as racial slurs and hate speech, but also as code words that have racialized meanings embedded in them, like â€Å"ghetto,† â€Å"thug,† or â€Å"gangsta.† Just as representational racism communicates racist ideas through images, discursive racism communicates them through the actual words we use to describe people and places. Using words that rely on stereotypical racial differences to communicate explicit or implicit hierarchies perpetuates the racist inequalities that exist in society. Interactional Racism Racism often takes an interactional form, which means it is expressed in how we interact with each other. For example, a white or Asian woman walking on a sidewalk may cross the street to avoid passing closely by a black or Latino man because she is implicitly biased to see these men as potential threats. When a person of color is verbally or physically assaulted because of their race, this is interactional racism. When a neighbor calls the police to report a break-in because they do not recognize their black neighbor, or when someone automatically assumes that a person of color is a low-level employee or an assistant, though they might be a manager, executive, or owner of a business, this is interactional racism. Hate crimes are the most extreme manifestation of this form of racism. Interactional racism causes stress, anxiety, and emotional and physical harm to people of color on a daily basis. Institutional Racism Racism takes institutional form in the ways that policies and laws are crafted and put into practice through societys institutions, such as the decades-long set of policing and legal policies known as â€Å"The War on Drugs,† which has disproportionately targeted neighborhoods and communities that are composed predominantly of people of color. Other examples include New York City’s Stop-N-Frisk policy that overwhelmingly targets black and Latino males,  the practice among real estate agents and mortgage lenders of not allowing people of color to own property in certain neighborhoods and that force them to accept less desirable mortgage rates, and educational tracking policies that funnel children of color into remedial classes and trades programs. Institutional racism preserves and fuels the racial gaps in wealth, education, and social status, and serves to perpetuate white supremacy and privilege. Structural Racism Structural racism refers to the ongoing, historical, and long-term reproduction of the racialized structure of our society through a combination of all of the above forms. Structural racism manifests in widespread  racial segregation and stratification on the basis of education, income, and wealth, the recurrent displacement of people of color from neighborhoods that go through processes of gentrification, and the overwhelming burden of environmental pollution borne by people of color given its proximity to their communities. Structural racism results in large-scale, society-wide inequalities on the basis of race. Systemic Racism Many sociologists describe racism in the U.S. as systemic because the country was founded on racist beliefs that created racist policies and practices, and because that legacy lives today in the racism that courses throughout the entirety of our social system. This means that racism was built into the very foundation of our society, and because of this, it has influenced the development of social institutions, laws, policies, beliefs, media representations, and behaviors and interactions, among many other things. By this definition, the system itself is racist, so effectively addressing racism requires a system-wide approach that leaves nothing unexamined. Racism in Sum Sociologists observe a variety of styles or types of racism within these seven different forms. Some may be overtly racist, like the use of racial slurs or hate speech, or policies that intentionally discriminate against people on the basis of race. Others may be covert, kept to oneself, hidden from public view, or obscured by color-blind policies that purport to be race-neutral, though they have racist impacts. While something may not appear obviously racist at first glance, it may, in fact, prove to be racist when one examines the implications of it through a sociological lens. If it relies on stereotypical notions of race and reproduces a racially structured society, then it is racist. Due to the sensitive nature of race as a topic of conversation in American society, some have come to think that simply noticing race, or identifying or describing someone using race, is racist. Sociologists do not agree with this. In fact, many sociologists, race scholars, and anti-racist activists emphasize the importance of recognizing and accounting for race and racism as necessary in the pursuit of social, economic, and political justice.

Biography of Father Miguel Hidalgo, Mexicos Founder

Biography of Father Miguel Hidalgo, Mexico's Founder Father Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla (May 8, 1753–July 30, 1811) is today remembered as the father of his country, the great hero of Mexicos War for Independence. His position has become cemented in lore, and there are any number of hagiographic biographies available featuring him as their subject. The truth about Hidalgo is a little more complex. The facts and dates leave no doubt: his was the first serious insurrection on Mexican soil against Spanish authority, and he managed to get quite far with his poorly armed mob. He was a charismatic leader and made a good team with the military man Ignacio Allende despite their mutual hatred. Fast Facts: Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla Known For: Considered Mexicos founding fatherAlso Known As: Miguel Gregorio Antonio Francisco Ignacio Hidalgo-Costilla y Gallaga Mandarte Villaseà ±orBorn: May 8, 1753 in  Pà ©njamo, MexicoParents: Cristà ³bal Hidalgo y Costilla,  Ana Marà ­a GallagaDied: July 30, 1811 in  Chihuahua, MexicoEducation: Royal and Pontifical University of Mexico (degree in philosophy and theology, 1773)Publications: Ordered the publication of a newspaper,  Despertador Americano  (American Wake Up Call)Honors: Dolores Hidalgo, the town where his parish was located, is named in his honor and the state of  Hidalgo  was created in 1869, also in his honor.Notable Quote: Action must be taken at once; there is no time to be lost; we shall yet see the oppressors yoke broken and the fragments scattered on the ground. Early Life Born on May 8, 1753, Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla was the second of 11 children fathered by Cristà ³bal Hidalgo, an estate administrator. He and his elder brother attended a school run by the Jesuits, and both decided to join the priesthood. They studied at San Nicols Obispo, a prestigious school in Valladolid (now Morelia). Hidalgo distinguished himself as a student and received top marks in his class. He would go on to become rector of his old school, becoming known as a top theologian. When his elder brother died in 1803, Miguel took over for him as the priest of the town of Dolores. Conspiracy Hidalgo often hosted gatherings at his home where he would talk about whether it was the duty of the people to obey or overthrow an unjust tyrant. Hidalgo believed the Spanish crown was such a tyrant: a royal collection of debt had ruined the finances of the Hidalgo family, and he saw injustice daily in his work with the poor. There was a conspiracy for independence in Querà ©taro at this time: The conspiracy felt that they needed someone with moral authority, a relationship with the lower classes and good connections. Hidalgo was recruited and joined without reservation. El Grito de Dolores/The Cry of Dolores Hidalgo was in Dolores on September 15, 1810, with other leaders of the conspiracy, including military commander Allende, when word came to them that the conspiracy had been found out. Needing to move immediately, Hidalgo rang the church bells on the morning of the sixteenth, calling in all of the locals who happened to be in the market that day. From the pulpit, he announced his intention to strike for independence and exhorted the people of Dolores to join him. Most did: Hidalgo had an army of some 600 men within minutes. This became known as the Cry of Dolores. The Siege of Guanajuato Hidalgo and Allende marched their growing army through the towns of San Miguel and Celaya, where the angry rabble killed all Spaniards they could find and looted their homes. Along the way, they adopted the Virgin of Guadalupe as their symbol. On Sept. 28, 1810, they reached the mining city of Guanajuato, where the Spaniards and royalist forces had barricaded themselves inside the public granary. The battle, which became known as the siege of Guanajuato, was horrific: The rebel horde, which by then numbered some 30,000, overran the fortifications and slaughtered the 500 Spaniards inside. Then the town of Guanajuato was looted: creoles, as well as Spaniards, suffered. Monte de Las Cruces Hidalgo and Allende, their army now some 80,000 strong, continued their march on Mexico City. The Viceroy hastily organized a defense, sending out Spanish general Torcuato Trujillo with 1,000 men, 400 horsemen, and two cannons: all that could be found on such short notice. The two armies clashed on Monte de las Cruces (Mount of the Crosses) on Oct. 30, 1810. The result was predictable: The Royalists fought bravely (a young officer named Agustà ­n de Iturbide distinguished himself) but could not win against such overwhelming odds. When the cannons were captured in combat, the surviving royalists retreated to the city. Retreat Although his army had the advantage and could easily have taken Mexico City, Hidalgo retreated against the counsel of Allende. This retreat when victory was at hand has puzzled historians and biographers ever since. Some feel that Hidalgo feared that the largest Royalist army in Mexico, some 4,000 veterans under the command of General Fà ©lix Calleja, was nearby (it was, but not close enough to save Mexico City had Hidalgo attacked). Others say Hidalgo wanted to spare the citizens of Mexico City the inevitable sacking and plunder. In any event, Hidalgo’s retreat was his greatest tactical error. The Battle of Calderon Bridge The rebels split for a while as Allende went to Guanajuato and Hidalgo to Guadalajara. They reunited, although things were tense between the two men. Spanish General Fà ©lix Calleja and his army caught up with the rebels at Calderà ³n Bridge near the entrance to Guadalajara on Jan. 17, 1811. Although Calleja was vastly outnumbered, he caught a break when a lucky cannonball exploded a rebel munitions wagon. In the ensuing smoke, fire, and chaos, Hidalgos undisciplined soldiers broke. Betrayal and Capture Hidalgo and Allende were forced to head north to the United States in the hope of finding weapons and mercenaries there. Allende was by then sick of Hidalgo and placed him under arrest: he went north as a prisoner. In the north, they were betrayed by local insurrection leader Ignacio Elizondo and captured. In short order, they were given to Spanish authorities and sent to the city of Chihuahua to stand trial. Also captured were insurgent leaders Juan Aldama, Mariano Abasolo, and Mariano Jimà ©nez, men who had been involved in the conspiracy since the start. Death All of the rebel leaders were found guilty and sentenced to death, except for Mariano Abasolo, who was sent to Spain to serve a life sentence. Allende, Jimà ©nez, and Aldama were executed on June 26, 1811, shot in the back as a sign of dishonor. Hidalgo, as a priest, had to undergo a civil trial as well as a visit from the Inquisition. He was eventually stripped of his priesthood, found guilty, and executed on July 30. The heads of Hidalgo, Allende, Aldama, and Jimà ©nez were preserved and hung from the four corners of the granary of Guanajuato as a warning to those who would follow in their footsteps. Legacy After decades of abusing Creoles and poor Mexicans, there was a vast well of resentment and hatred that Hidalgo was able to tap into: even he seemed surprised by the level of anger released on the Spaniards by his mob. He provided the catalyst for Mexicos poor to vent their anger on the hated gachipines or Spaniards, but his army was more like a swarm of locusts, and about as impossible to control. His questionable leadership also contributed to his downfall. Historians can only wonder what might have happened had Hidalgo pushed into Mexico City in November 1810: history certainly would be different. In this, Hidalgo was too proud or stubborn to listen to the sound military advice offered by Allende and others and press his advantage. Finally, Hidalgos approval of the violent sacking and looting by his forces alienated the group most vital to any independence movement: middle-class and wealthy Creoles like himself. Poor peasants and Indians only had the power to burn, pillage, and destroy: They could not create a new identity for Mexico, one that would allow Mexicans to psychologically break from Spain and craft a national conscience for themselves. Still, Hidalgo became a great leader: After his death. His timely martyrdom allowed others to pick up the fallen banner of freedom and independence. His influence on later fighters such as Josà © Marà ­a Morelos, Guadalupe Victoria, and others is considerable. Today, Hidalgos remains lie in a Mexico City monument known as the Angel of Independence along with other Revolutionary heroes. Sources Harvey, Robert. Liberators: Latin Americas Struggle for Independence. 1st Edition, Harry N. Abrams, September 1, 2000.ï » ¿Lynch, John. The Spanish American Revolutions 1808-1826. Revolutions in the modern world, Hardcover, Norton, 1973.

Disccuss Mary Cassatt's The CHild's Bath 1893 in terms of one or two Essay

Disccuss Mary Cassatt's The CHild's Bath 1893 in terms of one or two ideas - Essay Example Also, Cassett shows her interest in Japanese woodblock print which is evident in this picture. The painting of a Child Bath is based on a mother cleaning a little child's feet in a tub of water (Art Institute of Chicago). The walls behind this cozy scene are covered in a wall paper decorated with a flowery pattern. The floor appears to be a carpet of some sort: designed intricately with flowers placed inside boxes. A jug is placed to the right side of the painting. The mother is fully dressed in a long gown and has a child placed on her knee. The child is looking down and is clothed with a single white cloth. The artist has used very vibrant colors in this painting. There are no shadows and there is a very bold brushwork used by the artist. She uses an asymmetrical style (Art Access).The shape of the woman and child's head, the basin and the pitcher are circular. The image also has a symmetrical striped pattern. Thus, the entire painting is in perfect asymmetrical form. This, along with Cassatt's decision to paint from an unusual position: above. Adler speaks of how to think about art in his book. In an interview with Luckman he claims art to be a technique which uses skill or expert to produce a piece. This is exactly what Cassatt uses in her work, technique to produce a perfect painting. While this painting is n